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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) # T& ~8 N/ A9 G+ q0 }0 J9 h& A
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 8 P5 I( ^% q5 N+ ?9 O. J" Y2 q: R$ Q6 `
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2007年6月7日
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阮一峰 译 1 n6 `/ g, v# `* J8 ?+ a) T
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members + f. ]9 a( I$ k( K% Q
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
; A" P* g/ H$ u9 Yparents, and especially, the graduates: . d4 x" p: X x7 t5 J6 @4 i
1 }7 v4 V9 m( I2 {. w0 C) y尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管 1 M: A6 O1 ?& G4 D C9 y3 H* N
理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: 1 Z: ?# i2 s- J5 y
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I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd 9 k9 I" o6 Q1 A) r& Z4 G
come back and get my degree."
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的 ; R0 @* Y! B$ i4 k7 u M0 f
学位的!”
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4 w! L; Y# m) `+ l- HI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye - U/ g& U- Z% O3 j7 P
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. 0 Z) V9 _2 V; s- B
# b6 I/ q# R: u( B3 y我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 $ c; L! }1 H2 T- l3 i+ U
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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4 X6 @7 r: G& {( E' A K$ Q5 TI applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr - L1 f5 |: Z% W: n0 {1 z1 b
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos ' b, N% K2 e! `& L \0 c& d
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 1 ^# k+ @/ ]+ }: V
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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7 N9 w, \, J5 I0 z我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
4 `) V; z4 s; G& l1 P9 [: A哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在 / W$ N; J+ N6 D3 S* {! K) c: t
所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
2 l/ Q% i2 O3 ]4 K6 b8 {4 uof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at / D# A. H0 v6 k! [9 W! [
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
* J+ `2 o/ w& Ore today. 0 |% W5 j0 a7 l& ?/ P
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 ! ?; ?0 c7 R1 L% }3 m! x
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 . N7 Y: d1 f7 O6 Q
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 2 | c Z7 M3 t1 V8 v7 ^- o
吧。
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5 T1 c+ p* |1 ~' @( B( e6 sHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating / [, N- M6 b: E7 D- Q1 f( S. Z
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li 8 r$ q9 K* X# C S: c6 z+ B; U
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
' @) V9 X: ^$ dlots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
6 q$ }: ^3 S, A$ r+ D3 `: [ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b
' w3 F7 I- m! U M* u: C7 {3 r- Ee the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
! F# [: f1 P- e5 L! V t: C c9 cdating our rejection of all those social people. ' l6 |9 O, Q' ^; Z' `
9 ^7 g/ p) H a对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的 ) i$ `9 s& X0 o3 s; o
课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很
2 O8 Z" M. t2 w8 Z多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
* t8 c8 h7 C# R/ H _! _% }$ U1 p我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 ) h0 a. W6 h9 M) C' p
的姿态。 / X! Y- L+ }9 |# i0 M/ J8 X/ l0 G) c
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
' y) R A8 g; bof the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
9 B3 N# [3 t% c4 n5 p/ b1 T+ z, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
' |- `5 H, J- p {ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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* f0 a; [/ z9 kRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 p i0 |4 R$ L3 V
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
1 X: Y0 @1 [) z' ~! q. l, I人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 1 r' U+ _1 n* @ x! X
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call 4 y4 D% D7 v2 K/ m8 d+ c
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl : P' i* ^( L5 }
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
# K0 U* v4 \0 O2 l- J! T1 \的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
/ n9 J# u& a% d* N9 ~* i他们出售软件。 8 s6 K3 C/ d8 j
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o $ _$ r; X4 E; Q* b/ d# i
n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic . E0 a( [- S! o5 s1 w2 [2 `
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome
( [6 V; w7 c% g# @3 w/ b+ Knt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the 2 r' @/ a" q; k# W1 v* @4 k. E
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi
- f6 u+ x# d% U* i# Ycrosoft. " h( l& [/ ^, I/ Z
9 F6 J I9 ?* ]) q2 ] ^( m& O) n我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
! d: Q5 ?2 z' [2 W9 o还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
, ~; ~) _% m4 m! [' E$ M来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
# [1 Q, R7 _3 \" s4 u% r生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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4 P# Y5 b3 w e& V: O! D; s% d& ~What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
6 v! [* Q( ~5 t5 Y" egy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di - X5 F, Q* p L) K% X3 A: d: N+ T
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though $ f/ Y. b2 K0 A% a
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made 7 L ~" E4 G5 r# S
, and the ideas I worked on.
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2 u' ^2 Q9 I9 z& @0 K: z不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快, * I' E- r/ x, M( M6 L
也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 7 L+ ]0 M, ^/ H+ |: A+ A
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这 - G- p4 s9 v, K$ f
里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 ; A% R k! J0 F( i+ H2 B
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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2 [# W2 F4 U( ^9 R但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 2 M5 _0 h" Z9 K' a2 [. |: k
- @% j7 d2 M7 x$ Q! R* P" hI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – k$ s d/ ^3 l. W& s$ H$ K
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn 1 {" g& w6 l+ B3 c5 p9 `. {
millions of people to lives of despair. ; `0 C( M0 B3 Y
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 9 `* E1 }9 y- k1 X. e3 D# l! W x
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 ) s( l- z- u0 ~% O, D
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g % E8 i: D. ^* p$ G1 J
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 K% c3 z3 @2 s7 q
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos 4 o( Q7 H7 F! X) d* e( Z
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron
, x/ }, V5 L6 g/ M) }) P. }+ D2 Hg public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu 9 c4 X2 I' @6 Q n# X% Q' ?1 B
cing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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9 U: e1 W/ B! i7 \* r( L但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发
1 I. [" f' p3 a$ A8 V; w现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
# Y9 c9 w h5 A' ~泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
( q/ U! |7 W' X8 X' B# c! j6 s9 p) Geducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the 5 K: T$ C/ C- ?+ T, f; |% k4 u& ^
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou 9 u/ u' Q# t/ r! _$ u$ T5 G3 u* M
ntries.
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, e& Z) v0 l& o2 N0 D+ V, A我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
. v& w) W) p- F4 q* c) q) R会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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It took me decades to find out.
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 2 ^& ~- Z* V6 R
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor * Y% Y5 n3 Q* Y( N0 k
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope ) {& r& o& W; H0 c3 K/ T1 D
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo 2 F9 V& R$ y9 R w
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. # x: g8 n0 ^! t& \% Q* n
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在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
3 c8 `: {/ d! t+ G% V( g+ H7 d世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 ! o K7 g7 u5 {6 {: _; ~
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 2 ~3 F0 n* F4 c" A8 S
个问题。
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
n' q$ ]) v+ j4 r' \a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
f. L% B6 T" j: q- }5 M2 V8 de and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li ( V+ N1 {" Z& w
ves. Where would you spend it? ( R/ d+ R! g3 S' T0 v
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
( b; e9 z# L) `, C4 t1 [钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。 & K$ a1 j& E/ I2 F) [
你会选择什么地方?
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good & T+ j, e4 h( I) k) P, f! N
for the greatest number with the resources we have. 0 S7 k% D! E$ r9 Y
( z6 n, v+ Z! T5 P# \. B对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 - l' f: Z, E2 E. @; f; q
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t / ], r+ x4 ?1 g4 x P
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea - T. H/ D" p4 T; Z' n) D9 x
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu + Q% i5 C7 q4 E/ D2 N' K3 U
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav 1 R( y' r9 C' E% X
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United $ A3 e. U7 |0 R* [# n; Q2 \1 H# Z
States.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
7 |; q |+ n- v) |& z. }; p/ e儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 ; h- ?1 m) D( `* S& y
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
. h3 {* c$ a2 _亡病例也没有。 ; l0 i/ a3 P: w
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
7 ]+ d1 h# e' h& l0 n% wnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
- j& [( D9 r+ l9 M' Uiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer : [% ~3 L. T% a4 d* i2 F3 ]1 T! ~' S
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, 4 i8 P1 @: Z* Y7 q, u
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 % M7 \9 F( X% ~: o
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。
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& E) m" p1 j+ ~$ `- V) yIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s & J1 D3 a0 T! O& H
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: "
, m" b9 m. e( p# \This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
% R: i# Y! q( B+ Diving."
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% k( t% u6 B' O4 U3 |- s( x如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 * p' M) {6 |8 o
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
; Y0 C4 r% P" {! k7 F( w) q是我们努力的头等大事。” 9 H* E: |2 o7 \# r9 i, e
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So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho ! H; n$ ~! H) R# `
w could the world let these children die?" # F/ ?+ j9 b' R
- G& N5 l# E1 }3 b1 H$ D& D* {所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 9 k0 G" K$ d5 N0 X$ u
这些孩子死去?” % Z9 o8 E; o: C5 {9 q7 y
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
* C/ J s' I- r' v# mthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
/ ]" Z: R5 t/ P' p A, dcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
7 h3 ~* R: d. }& jin the system.
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
5 |/ O# Q# v) s9 M会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 # y" [: P3 I" V
有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both.
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1 y1 j! X6 O9 y. `' g' B但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 ; o/ F" t: N% v% Z
4 t& ~* _8 a, K# TWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
# o; f9 k/ l- I* [" p$ Veative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more
7 b: V/ ?" U; Q- f0 |8 Speople can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
! p% t" ]% H; `1 N4 d9 B% S+ ]* ?uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
( r' c- d c# r" G% ]$ l( y2 uorld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
0 \1 \; E2 ^5 S' |( g2 t3 J6 M/ Jple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 & O3 m$ d6 X+ f4 C) m k2 J# U) G
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
, g6 T: g$ s5 i; _/ u: Y) `,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 ' T. k- L9 E& q. S3 B" _& b
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 2 }* [" Q' h, n' p- @
$ n* H9 L( |# w" v- o' @6 s& g6 tIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat 5 G S. @4 N1 Y& V. e
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain
& L& E; I' i/ `0 s# H2 U" Q: p% gable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve % j: i4 S4 d% f
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the / o! r- u! d8 N# K
world.
& ~- G8 M, ]; Y1 |9 O+ K& l3 B0 b
$ K4 s! d3 y8 {如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 ) e3 l. Z, v; e1 @
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
+ f% W: a7 U9 H' [0 |- a" Y X的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
. B+ E+ V8 j0 k$ O& ]
% X. B& Y9 F1 }( U4 R; Y. ?3 m$ f( g1 u; j I
I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
P2 c0 A7 X& t9 ~* Xno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b + J5 N3 y$ n& T, r L
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
6 @: k! w5 ?0 O7 N2 Ndisagree. ) F9 `) b8 I" I) `
! c7 t8 s# z" x! u+ W在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 4 e7 @2 l* N' ]5 S3 J# Q
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 3 k( p* m4 A, w4 C" G; r. ` z
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 6 L, M: }( H1 e: G
+ L) `7 s( J0 Q3 mI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
7 @: J6 m, u0 S' V
8 m/ j& Z+ f. c. b我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 1 M z5 E* [; \# ^
4 v2 K9 N: o8 W6 \" Z
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies # u5 W: ]) N0 `1 f( C
that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, % @1 p' j" `4 E7 |
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
" n# x& C) r4 t7 |5 i' H- [ave acted. ( `, [2 U8 U' v/ G
# t; }1 t5 R7 u2 E此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 - x1 S) p9 ^% ]1 k
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
: ~7 B3 j$ d. x7 ~0 T- g如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
8 q! L& m/ |- ^- Z6 U \( c# \
" j6 S5 d' d' TThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
2 Z3 X0 P5 K5 c9 M# `* D, L8 g- X8 _, v* y$ S
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 * k9 ]4 n' { _
3 o# l; k& T8 CTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
* w' m( U, F+ ~) G" athe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. 1 G# c6 m$ e- K$ w, j, t# T
% o# O. _; F+ o, R" ]8 P3 z* u为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 : d4 e& C* ]1 s# K. K% I
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 ( C! J# `+ M/ J+ w8 t
5 [7 c" \5 @1 b! ~* [$ p( F' w
Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e - o5 P* L z% s; H
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o " F% ]; A6 U9 F( n
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det
# S$ @) q3 @6 k4 L5 E! qermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. ; M# K" B: L* |& D
$ f6 ?% A/ z; U }" ^
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 - u$ U+ T ^ D. |' M8 m
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
) J" E2 ~! k: b: w再次发生类似事故。
% {1 O$ s: Z6 L1 x2 C6 _; Y$ _- Q) l% D
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
( D/ j/ W4 q) I% u3 L* \0 K& Cin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o ) E) C! w4 ~/ @6 h1 s J M5 j
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve 6 T/ p& [6 n. ^0 D0 p
the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
- B) ~" H; a3 R& c4 h
7 ]/ n0 {( w: p" p1 y6 l但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 9 A, @$ a3 e4 F4 [; X
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
3 ~" h, _0 `! m/ I2 u/ S: i2 @。” 8 N3 n+ z: Y1 p3 \. Y) F: F u* y& n: r
( g& J2 U6 U. ~/ x, c
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea 8 u1 \. v! ^4 n0 j+ M
ths.
% l8 J( G2 Y# b; \. r" W8 P
, p# t# a; n$ R) p6 s, Y1 Z. |显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 H# N3 P, b9 s3 D: W8 H
( O( e5 j. j1 }2 L% vWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill + r3 e1 v5 r* t
ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's 9 W0 O2 s' a4 D* B- G% U5 J2 z
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult + e. W- g# D- q: w0 i" o' L& i+ q2 f
to keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
" k9 ]% t' K& L& }ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. 8 T7 x6 B6 P2 c z
+ C' s+ g3 ]" e' I9 P w2 V) T我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
! U+ V, V+ D) u。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
" G b5 H& X( F2 R/ C$ S2 _% k本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 5 s, G" ^6 z7 A9 S( Y v
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 - e B* E/ W. E& L0 u+ `/ p4 K
* e$ b8 x* H8 KIf we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second ! D. p8 T! k+ \
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
' M# \8 V4 T* n7 t0 T' K# ]/ [$ L. \! R) u4 O8 `
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 1 N/ i% [0 H- l* W+ |
的事件中找到解决办法。
, q2 |1 T5 }) x: `. [9 \# L: [" q( L1 w! d, [/ \* v3 G: ~
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w $ z5 @1 |" M$ }5 q/ p7 D
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho 4 W, o# U7 P# p* J
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th 3 h% a/ D. I) n$ t' N
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
! @. \, N' S% ?f action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to 9 N- I5 _7 d! o2 d
matter.
* K( Z$ k7 x, b# W/ l" u4 [4 X$ ?# i
5 o4 N) \+ i: H. v5 R如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的 3 f& n+ l2 g4 ~
答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动
) c4 Y9 O! l2 @5 j。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
8 I8 F" E7 D3 i1 Y- V! U找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
5 o& f5 n, [7 d( K) o实际效果。
% H- Z7 F* C( c) g% {/ b, _1 J( I
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st
, `& O- U$ ~9 n. Qages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal ) b8 Z" V* @3 ~ P8 T
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
2 F; X; e' \" O2 O. a2 w! Lion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti 9 n( Y5 P& ^1 k
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. - Q/ u( N0 \: [1 N2 j5 E5 V
/ c) I5 \+ H+ ?# S; Z/ ^
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
! i+ d5 _4 J- X! { U1 Z1 L3 q发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 1 V! C& I7 a' B7 C% e
是最简单的蚊帐。
% n8 c) A/ [: J7 z% \6 D3 d/ C9 o1 k4 y1 e4 @9 M1 P
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the : \5 {& [8 v9 n3 X; Z4 L, S
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
4 V( ]) k! Z* dld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
' |7 T( O' Y( i# k! ]6 Ts, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li
' k, r' J+ b1 `& P8 c; E& s w# `kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
9 \9 I) x! e, b7 k$ t$ o) Ewe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
, g/ r4 G: V7 C$ ?7 r9 Wople to avoid risky behavior. 3 E: _6 R1 P4 z, B. p: V
2 @' C5 Y# \- f
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
/ }# `! G) T( T8 R0 b. p+ K& {想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 8 x1 m; ?! ~/ F7 K5 n" q( Y& J
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
+ a" h* R8 V, d9 x, S时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行
. o" w8 _: G, a9 k# K) w" R/ f! p; G; V) J为。 $ A+ r! W+ p: @( t6 y6 g0 J5 T
7 b& `0 E- n$ j9 w6 b6 A
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 8 w! W9 `" w) G% E5 E
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
, p* ]( {$ w8 Z4 _' M& ud with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t , t( O2 w$ t* U, q8 t8 {! U
o complexity and quit. ' `% P$ T+ h S2 G) b6 Z+ b
2 R1 K7 a5 a! u s要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 - m$ s- i* Q- o* W! K; c' W- P
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 / y% Y! j2 d) t/ d7 u$ b. c
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 ! p2 ~2 q/ n" y" \ |
% e0 p; I( y+ iThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
4 Z' I# I& }& R( d# Kasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
7 ]$ u' \8 t8 [* A. `( |3 hhers learn from your efforts.
' R9 F t3 F6 |. V7 K
/ S* {8 F. n3 J在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
! B& c; M9 g/ {2 U失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 - E0 a# O+ r- [: a7 z: E* ~) U2 P
! g2 y. ^' h- d- L9 iYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
+ [" e' x7 G9 v7 sprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a / y2 a k: M+ [8 S
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
1 S$ u& Q. x d# q" b0 M# c& \. W7 jnot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b 7 I& z9 Y: P# A7 O+ V5 W4 ~
usiness and government.
, b4 y) E0 |# ]4 z( }/ \7 A3 m. j6 x. R8 O
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
- w* y/ I- f: Q。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
" a3 T' \/ ?4 f6 g2 K) Z, d& p项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
" u3 A0 M9 _2 D) m+ r# b X
+ l- ?2 J+ l4 N! e) T) \1 }But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
$ T# k a5 T; a, } d& Y humbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
( H/ c7 h4 ^# k( \what saving a life means to the families affected. : C# N. v2 e8 Z
4 c1 m* W8 t9 v8 b
但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
2 M" [6 J8 b+ s2 A2 V) U1 B你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 j5 J3 I, L) n- Y4 N
的家庭到底意味着什么。
, F! [0 l' ?$ R4 n z7 J& Q& ?- X$ ?5 d% o a; y
I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel R% j$ V# f* v5 M3 F* T& p u
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
, N8 Y. I6 F# n8 H5 ^ prill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
+ k% l3 i! y; v" r% _' `3 Ft this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
, i1 ~6 b/ @5 I2 touldn't bear it. : h# V9 X- \/ _( w2 U& ^* k2 h
2 A1 o- G/ o3 r7 m3 m几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
: ?5 W0 Q4 {) w3 l9 t条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 + A( c: Y! b# {6 D
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 1 ^- x' G: l; ]0 f$ U- ^
我无法强迫自己听下去。 - z4 i% _9 f$ ~# j ^
* ]+ F3 R4 y8 v+ W
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an # ]( L6 X5 M& p+ ?
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 6 d7 B) z- o- w8 H" h. B, C
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited : T, t+ k% h% z2 C, H
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l ' k8 N! [1 Z1 s( R' r+ l
ives?
! S; P4 n$ e! |0 }4 \8 P3 l* g0 W2 C; Q" M' P
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观 5 I9 S2 V1 L% ^9 j$ q
众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
s8 X' D E! H/ ]0 t5 I让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? . H( o8 Z, m' s- S$ o6 l
7 A9 ~( y/ e& N, Y
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
9 _8 v' d/ e# K" S. {And how you do that – is a complex question. ! Y. f( M, y! u, j% \* j- j
/ W$ l- c4 B s除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 5 Z5 b. x# U* i" Q) A, P: L
点,并不是一件简单的事。 # I8 s' q% B3 a
- p2 m, ~! v8 F5 q2 q. pStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
9 r! n' e' G; j) |$ ~* ?ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
. \0 w4 d+ {1 i3 Qew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur * r- P1 O; {0 i9 Y9 \( b O7 A
e can be different from the past. 6 o8 |8 k* F- q; V
- ^1 K4 O. U0 F
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, . G' E& N/ ^0 _' N
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 # h, z! j. `' q( q ?5 K% K3 P) r
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。
( ]9 d0 f& \8 c8 y5 a z" x! e
+ g2 m+ k6 k1 ^& `# C3 P, NThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute
* d& V* D9 G9 n: H) Qr, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
, a: m/ K: A" Prty and end death from preventable disease.
2 J$ E$ K7 e3 S" q! Z
4 t u9 z, i. ]这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
7 V' K+ A, k, Q2 _4 ^一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 0 m( r( F2 u, ?% w' k
% L9 E1 C- ?: }" e4 J$ R! X) L1 b
Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
1 m, A- m X4 l W# t: ]+ D. y% [3 h/ yn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i : H; J! T4 r% B1 m8 L2 H" |8 n
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa 8 b6 R! ~+ `* }8 r& n Y: ^9 h
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
7 b) Y8 V" e% a `' j- M# U. g7 yor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
/ ? T- L' I4 U0 w2 o& ~0 n n* Dvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
( I7 w4 ~9 n/ J# \' j$ o% Qf the situation." ! F$ n0 K' V9 M$ ~$ r0 Y
- Z5 R* q+ \1 t+ Y' K1 L六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
6 f3 a5 I* | p国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
5 y$ q8 \1 | y( p5 Q# I3 F7 j源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
# X2 e6 t6 [3 r! g层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
* z: v. H7 T! K! U5 H+ S- p6 F+ ~4 v3 E$ ^! n [4 h5 s& y
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
}) y c) p: N: Y3 D$ k, Z# A, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v : n$ K# z# T) V' T
isible, less distant. . Q+ l/ P0 k2 T
4 F' H* @) [/ p* o1 t. n
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
0 q0 k9 W m7 D! |. G2 ^4 h刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。
- K, {; o$ D! z/ ]4 D% m4 c7 `1 E+ K7 m' M, ^
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 0 h+ ^; g) @* z" o4 u1 _: M
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. X: h0 U. F! Z" R5 O6 N
5 Z% O) G8 n- u$ J' \' I
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
2 Q8 p/ f* _3 T0 p大的机会。 / b: N: Z3 u) s3 j# c* ~1 V
5 d* j! d9 w: h# Q+ s2 T! k9 Y
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an
, X- H5 C+ q& }( U9 y9 Yd makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b
s% R* P; r% xrilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
2 ]( p6 R- d# i' U5 v8 N9 Nales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. 3 d4 _+ m4 U4 D) m( m- w: _+ ~
# {8 g' I6 e, K6 S" U
网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有
/ ]6 `. L/ Z1 X" s _共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 8 S* u2 f0 v' M
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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y& D& w& D) y: |At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
) x, Z. [' C6 [) \* ^ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
+ M4 ^2 X, \3 s Ascussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
# I$ P C$ W c) D; }ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t ( k0 d: D! @9 ?# q
o the world.
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 ! b: B+ A) ^# C
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
4 s7 j. H+ N/ V. W/ M人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。 ' i, q! P) d' P. Y1 [4 b3 I
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We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
8 W2 G$ Z1 \- S, \( j7 ~these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
- [# y% B8 A% zanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f 0 B% f$ S4 m' F% m A$ B+ e
or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
3 ]! j; u! w% k) F/ I. \see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 7 w. |- M$ ]1 N( Y1 `( Y
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
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我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人
; O0 d) |3 p3 b! E& n类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 4 k* `5 r4 n6 l- X
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
9 `, x0 A4 b$ K: p' J3 e1 z改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 a5 {& |7 |4 M& B( D. s
6 W9 }8 d7 U0 Y
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection 9 ?( e2 Z8 ^, i: R! X" `0 Y
s of intellectual talent in the world. 8 Y0 L5 H( F* Y8 {7 y
+ ?' @9 g7 Q; _+ C3 [" ~5 R3 i7 q哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
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% i1 q. n- w& Y' ]0 _% GWhat for?
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" g" R9 W9 Q! |: X2 ?) E) P) D2 `. @我们可以做些什么?
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4 M+ r* ]- d+ M* V; nThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef g8 n2 C8 P$ i* Y7 Z$ y
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an 5 ?8 z& s- D$ h0 d% @( y0 P1 j
d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to
0 ?5 e' {- A8 aimproving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? 0 P8 c$ D+ P- y0 @, h/ d
5 J' V! n' c; F- }/ ?/ z! v毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 / i1 Q: Y; s$ m e4 F! l1 D
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
! |7 m9 {! z8 @8 Q来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人?
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$ r a3 [3 Z2 H, ]) Y y6 M c! a, ?# @+ tLet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
( a6 h `( Z! [ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
' Z6 j- w& I q. ~% h) A. Eand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: ; |% p& {% S" Z$ ]* g% o
3 \0 u2 ~2 U" w% }, m
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
( c) `4 P# c8 k( O" @老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
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$ W6 z0 i* a( c; C* _Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
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, f/ {8 k" j: m# B+ |; k5 H我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? 6 L1 b' K' }: [/ O" R& J
% E: I7 V5 y8 r2 k, t- HShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities?
, h' g5 z6 Q1 ]7 W) kShould Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
% O v4 a- M+ z# U R& Mnce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
7 M0 r2 `; x2 |8 ` ?+ X2 i3 {ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
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; l/ R3 ]" j* Y( C哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 1 W/ p. k8 v* z8 }3 }
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
: A/ K3 J; _! _8 L…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
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Should the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
: W" y, p) h$ ?: g* qleast privileged?
2 Q2 T1 k# |( D- X( D8 F, G, N' U0 q' t! L4 s! h2 X
那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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\" J1 X; |, v0 s8 g& R1 `' |- |These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. 6 B. ]3 F+ K! V$ o( x- ~
3 n3 y1 t: k( t* z: P4 I3 ^
这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 % V0 u9 O4 j# v
) X2 [/ u4 `/ g k' d; RMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
) S- r( s: n0 b& f. P$ nped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
. u6 ^8 u; D% g5 \& V" id a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
5 b, F, _0 k/ |written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s ; V, O2 m+ A& K
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter $ L) j7 G& m$ A5 \5 ]$ R
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." 9 o# j! w4 Y# m/ j* W
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我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 7 i- n6 q$ J {) ^6 n
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 / B+ n$ L8 m: G2 [) ~* ~8 E6 l
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 8 S) z- T4 J# ~. M2 l: b/ O# F
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: 5 g W" B4 o% z5 F2 I9 b
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 : [& a* t* j( ?3 i
的期望也就越大。”
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, o6 y: ~, }7 \8 X( _+ `When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal % C8 ^8 I0 }+ F$ Z- }! U. J$ \" f
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world
1 J* |6 |0 z1 Z: A. d5 m" chas a right to expect from us.
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@) v: b" q% e想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
) F4 ~ e+ W0 }) [6 a以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 4 n4 W! ~5 y, M0 g% \2 {+ m
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In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h ! H* }6 Z' R2 E' O i: Z
ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp 2 w6 T: ~9 U, `# d! S
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome
( g5 v1 h6 U- Z) y9 rnal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we
# }( | U" _, {* pek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
6 [, R) s5 n5 G! ]: E/ ewith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
. E) b2 d! g$ m m( g0 c# r5 y9 i2 ^题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 8 |* K9 N h6 X/ A, C6 D1 {
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
4 A+ D Q2 p. g; F+ n; a; p你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
9 m: I! g0 X" `4 B! E8 b找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。
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Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi ( N- D4 V# C2 D2 T% ~4 J! Z
ll be one of the great experiences of your lives. 3 C6 V. l N4 c2 |8 k
m# |# t0 E2 C不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为 2 M" k# }4 {5 }* V( \% W3 ?
己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 5 Q" C) I# X+ m% J5 {) }
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob , Q8 H% l2 P2 L: A- x( w
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h
' m) T ^9 e2 u+ a/ zave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w ( M0 h" t" H* Y3 N+ G) r( y
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
@' [. u* i) k+ {: H. t& J; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. % c. K8 Y: T, K5 Y% G7 W' ?7 G
+ O- h' ^) v8 ]& c1 x在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
4 N6 u& _/ \: }; S1 I+ U们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 % D# P, o- n# E F
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 4 `2 h P" g E7 d9 D
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
" o4 C+ {* y8 e* T更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 1 P& }+ ~' m( l
. I" B7 i, f* H U3 B1 V' L) dKnowing what you know, how could you not?
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9 d. M! w, B* Y5 r知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢?
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And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on - q; R3 i. E- e
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo
5 Z# u) q( O- \, burselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well 1 t+ h P c) }) v6 G
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
$ U9 K! ~2 g! D+ I* g' K( T, A$ Ceople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希
. M. ]! [ ^& o, j9 k- d3 A望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
1 [ g( ]/ n: H# c" q' \+ w变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫 & Q ~$ C3 J# ^9 d+ J" L/ M
不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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