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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) ; A0 ^2 C) S; m0 ~8 e$ z
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 h2 p; l+ F+ B. @! Z# H0 i4 i
8 f: N4 D2 n5 L5 ~, m W2007年6月7日
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) u2 ]" c0 A+ Q# ^; p阮一峰 译 # z/ R; h. x, }) i# x% p0 T
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) i5 X) `% j% e8 z/ lPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
) S8 ~, {' J- O, Y: ?$ zof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
# J, O( [% I0 {! q2 ^3 A' V+ Dparents, and especially, the graduates: . v6 [1 e, k# V' l* g) W
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
% c+ U. u2 O5 p+ h7 a* S* w理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: 5 D% e6 v2 U& ?+ d N) P
5 b$ w3 e5 K8 W7 h/ m! T0 yI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd
% ^- \: u6 [+ x2 W0 jcome back and get my degree." 5 }, Z P* G" a4 r( O- i) p
( Q. i0 o) X+ W有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
( R9 p4 \- J+ G. p( p3 O, m6 i$ p! w学位的!”
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye ( y0 L4 j2 [3 y* s5 F4 q, E8 M
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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2 I, j# e" ~5 ^6 g% B! j我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 ) a* c r( R1 U( v
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 % Z; z! a! V* K% a
. H/ ~5 `: s: w" O8 @1 }I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
) w# I5 c" ~ k! sees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos " Q: y% ~3 Z- K! c
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 3 a; n9 t3 p' n# I
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. + i" G/ e" p3 k1 c' q4 l
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 8 @$ G/ o( f! E" B* J* P) Z8 L5 ? D
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
( I* c# p" S6 A( U所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 3 |$ {' ~3 V* ^% ]
9 K8 c" P% O& T5 n* Z' N; ]' ]" FBut I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
6 Z4 D1 _6 I: ]( c$ oof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at 5 i( }1 g% f% w# N/ e/ W; x
your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he 2 k5 {2 n/ Q) r3 O( a0 D
re today.
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' P/ d& K" A' W8 l, ?, `但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
8 g* z$ s! t% J% ^! C。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
) c( v% V+ [5 E+ U。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 . Z7 F( ~* D( u2 g
吧。 " R. `$ k) U+ R4 d
- F7 M) i0 E+ }! p, a" PHarvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
- V* Q6 \0 p9 S" D; o3 _' f. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li n: C& q! E# y7 j- V J7 D" u
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always 0 A; G2 a7 K8 [8 E9 u8 z
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo 2 H8 K3 I* i6 V5 x. P% m
ne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b 3 [% [( l$ }# v, F
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali 4 \. j. b$ ~! u+ k, n$ i. ]
dating our rejection of all those social people. 2 W. H5 T8 V7 ]7 Q5 A2 W. I9 a
5 D, _; ~0 ]4 r& J9 x# p对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
3 x8 {$ Q$ Z% ?课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 ( u# F3 D" I- O, l9 | k+ v
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
- T2 O( d6 e$ B" g- i! B& C我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 7 E/ d+ j1 `' _6 p( Y
的姿态。 6 C/ L- ]$ |6 ^9 ^
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most
/ d# Q6 R: G0 \of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds : A: J3 D2 l5 _* w% w# k
, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi 8 l' Y# k& [# d9 \+ H, a" H3 Q
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success. 2 J% I& h }6 N9 j- ~
5 u2 |0 ~' u' L4 tRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 ' s, M. |- M1 ^2 h7 Z4 i$ z) l! O7 O
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
( F: t: q7 T% H8 d: k2 U Z5 @人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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) X9 w" {# K- x: @" i0 rOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call ' Q0 j# ?+ T( l2 \( g- H5 D
from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl ! a4 ?, ]& `1 F
d's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software.
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* i# S ]4 T3 F7 t6 r( J* F我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque
2 h( T$ G+ K4 X3 _& d, ?的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
b Q: V. [5 O# \/ Y他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
1 [0 ^( o6 s6 E4 z# ~n me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
; F8 }; | r7 e9 v2 Oh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome / I* W, c7 B5 \. R/ {
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
" F7 l. F- D8 h+ E5 ~, z/ T3 u/ m0 [end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi " Z- a4 B5 P5 a+ C* e o9 y4 L( l
crosoft. . b$ p6 W& r$ H0 E4 n
* d/ Z v4 L' s& H& q; U我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
+ G" o% M) D$ f$ z& \4 d/ d" ]还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出 2 |* [6 p' T( i3 m0 Y- n! a7 ^5 n
来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生 B. ^0 k/ ]6 o
生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 : A% j8 o' o4 l1 ?0 D2 V b
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener 7 Q* @# b$ ^, O9 q: u7 B2 w0 B
gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di + E: H; o9 }; s9 j7 [( n
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though ! e& o, ]( I8 M: D
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made 4 m1 D" r1 z Z
, and the ideas I worked on. n/ z, C( {1 l# B+ j4 B2 \
: E9 ^: Z7 t' n. Y4 r5 j/ x+ y不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
# o* V" @% R& I# Y" m6 g; {6 R也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引 8 \( l! K' N2 j: F; M0 ~! ?, o/ c
人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
3 F! I# H- B- i, s& F; ^里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。
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8 V* x3 |1 f& N1 K* nBut taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 / g9 v1 N2 }& F5 V
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
8 d/ Q7 a2 j9 {8 {8 ~9 Z! d2 ethe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
% c) N2 J3 C6 dmillions of people to lives of despair.
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. j( ~& W1 B- a2 D我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 ( t& q) b- ^. T! N2 w- j' E
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 4 P1 L* i2 q$ p5 u; l2 }. p1 E$ P
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I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
G* T) }1 m6 ?: u% G! P0 P9 yot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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7 S8 t' j! V& F d' x* Q我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 # Q: \6 B! f: B! f# T2 q5 x' P. y
/ e, X( Z5 f" l) i3 ZBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos ' }: s z# i* L& D6 U
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron 4 J- w3 {$ x, R f9 k- G9 ]
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
1 k% E& y0 U5 W) Z! Z; Kcing inequity is the highest human achievement. ' g0 X% m: M7 W
1 x2 K8 c. z4 F5 @7 K但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 ) a1 i% A- ~; x9 v" m( R0 h
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 + F! U: A7 l$ w
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of ( D+ R' _+ n6 b" I0 V, ~. V6 ?
educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the - O: B: K! k" w1 J" b. J0 `
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou , k/ f* c& s/ E7 X" \7 @3 L# l- d' l
ntries.
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) k) S! H' i4 j8 \% V' Z1 i我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 ; u3 v0 {$ `- y$ ?0 \
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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/ B" v+ k% c* NIt took me decades to find out. & a2 l: ]; X: Z! C0 V& [% k: L
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我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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# y7 i F0 L/ a& d4 n; m0 a, G( pYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor ! P1 X0 ]3 ? ]2 A4 U' q- Z
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
4 k' m0 c# W8 _7 ^8 Tyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
7 f- z/ q$ Q8 e5 xgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. 8 }# Q `1 u% k8 L# u; V' h9 W
2 K5 Z) ?7 d* X, I/ f" R3 Y
在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
* Q. {7 I; w+ H8 G, t世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就 # M# L% A0 `; O6 Q9 h
是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 ! u: [$ ?+ f- y; M6 U: M$ b
个问题。
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8 n w9 ^4 X5 k, m+ i; W- Z7 sImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
/ _* v* s' n5 E9 ?& K- H2 Za few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim 8 N+ L' F0 T; ^; c/ J% w+ N
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li , r2 X' `7 z M# L X
ves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些 ) \! T- F( X& s6 M# M
钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
0 k5 Y, U& b% d2 P+ s" J; q5 t7 n你会选择什么地方? ; D) ~5 h, [* N
" ?4 S4 f( h" p5 WFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
2 f* T2 Q/ [7 Efor the greatest number with the resources we have.
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
* C/ E6 _" C: U: ~& f/ h的资源发挥出最大的作用。 + O1 B' f: T- ]! }) y6 ~) c% {7 f* G+ \
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t
7 B+ E' \" Y; A" O1 H) Lhe millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea
; x# ^7 S2 O# Q4 T$ w2 I9 y9 l! ]ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu 9 P* P3 ?/ D1 q7 R% m
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav # k! t# G7 w! a9 X4 f7 J1 _1 t
irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
3 `9 a* Y0 x9 s& m w- ]* y4 b+ qStates.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 / q" I' t: N: \9 m- d0 m
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 ( n& y+ s. h# V% |: M! {- p
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死
5 X* L# o6 W. c; n0 R7 ^6 ]亡病例也没有。 9 e/ ]+ Z6 }' B; m6 z- [- u
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a 5 { `& l0 m+ w
nd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
& \2 w: `$ g9 B4 qiver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer 9 n( D% ^+ ], k
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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3 N, p- F" X" h r我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
4 X/ N1 P3 q3 ~! J7 z% Z$ O那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 & a& Q/ B0 L2 l4 }2 S
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 - a2 [8 C/ q# B3 D
Y& m: D7 A! \If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s
8 y- l7 y; s- E! K! {, Lome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " ! u- P$ C/ u6 a
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
! ^; B" Q# O" {iving." 6 W4 d+ o0 v" G( g- a, G
7 F6 b$ g$ z- ?, s# ]6 i如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
1 [/ h; A1 G) s+ ~3 `' ], @7 _了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 4 c" R4 R E. s- ?6 R1 G5 [
是我们努力的头等大事。”
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1 W, z8 J/ u( D( i9 f7 FSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho
# k! B2 z$ b1 T" @+ Y6 g1 A! y3 Cw could the world let these children die?" f6 i( L& m2 d: d6 M2 s E& L: m
# ]0 @4 Z2 `% ]# c/ m所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着
4 B" L# S7 g5 h7 I这些孩子死去?” 5 ~ Q# q% x% b# j
! S4 H3 {5 u! Q4 F. IThe answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of
7 H4 t+ b. E& f9 [. E! k. Nthese children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be ; O5 i) [3 q& M9 n2 v
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
" o/ M0 m8 o, Z* kin the system. ! ?! j- g; H( g" N7 m/ e. c
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 - `( L- p2 ^3 J6 E
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
) W k3 _$ P! g2 [1 n: N有能力发出声音。
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- H% i( Y+ }/ N f$ r+ [But you and I have both.
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6 _8 a9 G6 z7 }9 V但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 $ { p$ C2 [3 Z! t& [ M
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We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr 0 w% } E& a7 z; z( t* K
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more 0 Y$ P! Z! G: C) M8 ~ O
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
# V( f Q* z% I* h4 v# _! suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 6 n* Q" K6 k; g d3 \
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo . C# f/ y+ i/ w0 _* y$ ~ [' g% F* e
ple who pay the taxes. / j1 X6 v R- g7 P# K, D$ j/ e
. X2 q$ q* A: F( }我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 / v$ K" B! Q; _; q: j
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
[8 d& Y. x0 F' n- u3 B8 t U/ ~,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 + M! S( K* [( d0 T5 D8 }
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 ' g$ y7 Y& M z
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat ) G- x% k' l: Z) @0 h
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain 8 B# C! g: V8 Y' Z
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve $ f! A6 F. A9 t6 b0 J s
r be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the 9 K* p+ K: s0 D/ I. k
world.
8 A ^; ?5 L) o1 g4 Z3 z9 ?8 \0 D
如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带
$ O8 s0 s' B$ h+ D" }7 w4 N- P3 o来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 1 A3 m& @4 E* f* k
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
) d: b2 S! ~, [; q5 k, t8 a% e& V' k8 b Q5 f! d* Z( s
& @, o* d R$ @# U8 MI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
! K2 V7 G0 Y1 g" M2 D- F) mno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b 6 @+ y( }$ H& @+ K/ C+ C
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
/ M: n9 I0 x+ w. E1 Ddisagree.
3 f0 B5 L$ ?7 `, J3 h B: _. D$ `; p, @9 V% r
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 3 p- ?0 y+ A4 ?& g( N5 u3 ~
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 - }2 B$ s, u2 J/ e% @
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 + z2 ?0 d* Z3 X
1 m4 r2 d' x" L
I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
2 t. y0 Q m. G7 d0 c- y3 c$ O1 a4 k$ L6 a
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。
& G: L+ T8 E) i6 N. w! D
6 M8 M: R- M. P! }; s, aAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
6 b: k9 f5 R" L4 S8 s# K5 cthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
$ q8 V- _! U' abut because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h : E; S, R- p- F/ R8 ^
ave acted.
1 C9 [& t" T! v1 v# g0 A4 v% d* K- R8 |; Z3 h$ [; i' X9 j
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
6 ~! v" J5 j/ Y+ }9 m3 N3 P7 S9 B! k伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
_# ]' R3 N( F; ?如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 % F% _, \) m7 X: t7 h' i
C4 a9 c+ g/ A' eThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
8 z6 v* ^! H/ @6 J+ y; K( @7 e! {# Y* e) M' g3 ^
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 : d: U3 H' `6 E! O9 Z
* T4 E b% M, B+ O% v( U8 X" oTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
% A8 q& e2 x S6 l3 v6 Nthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
g$ B W7 U$ t2 _
5 K! m& `1 o- T% w为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
% h+ y- N# U6 I6 S. p( l的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 & L, ^# L5 X( c6 b. s
( P% o! @, ^9 ?- `; j# uEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
6 S2 |" ]2 I" d; }" Qnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o
) K' j- w/ `! F3 Kfficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det , a: E6 e! z: d5 o' F' [5 `, y
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. 6 S+ c7 o+ B/ f2 [4 u
, a5 G/ \; r! |3 J1 _5 w' z) K
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一 , h1 H. u* ?0 W$ f
架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
6 k4 s$ D7 W% }! b% ~- v再次发生类似事故。 / t/ E8 G+ D P) f( |7 I
4 v$ c6 a& _& b2 N/ B6 \But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people 3 A$ \2 y3 ^6 \' b
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o : V' ^2 \) a( g, z! u
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
5 k& V5 K6 ^* M; wthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
' W" h @( u! R' \: N2 r1 p3 A, K. a5 b) m
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 ) E6 j7 o8 k- A5 B
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因
, l% q7 M. ]8 x( p' H# T4 _& @。”
% E+ ]. ~) h0 k# P$ J! D0 J9 A7 _3 H- N/ F
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
5 l; M8 V2 ^9 Vths. ) n w6 v) e, z
2 |. g$ ]$ k" l
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。 ) a3 X- Z3 M: }8 P
, l1 d" N9 s/ `4 \2 p( c/ MWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
& e3 M2 I6 s) w9 P. y( y5 @! K/ kions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
' Q7 b( E- i9 _" |easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
% _+ X+ O/ ~; @1 ]% q; q( jto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
: R5 F: X2 e. J( A5 Yion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. / y v- b, m! a
/ H) c8 q+ c \1 F. h7 o6 X& \" B我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 ) M2 ?% }8 x" j& c( k' N4 d: v
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
. Z* m$ w1 V! q" {5 Z5 C7 A! x- I本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的, 3 h s. W; L8 A# j2 c
何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
\- v; f9 G, E( S" z: Z$ V L- L3 b! z( `4 w. s
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second $ Z) w+ ?- m) H3 c. H
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
( r6 }+ z' t' f8 L& Q/ M0 A
5 `: [2 P$ J( h; B0 Q: H( n+ m就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂
3 [2 R1 }9 `1 n8 n, X0 C的事件中找到解决办法。 , E Q. E; v, x7 V
8 a- R+ o/ T* ]7 e
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w 4 S0 k. \. H, c# A/ e
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
; e8 N! ]" A: T' s5 U+ vw can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
& p ?% w" q+ De caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
' v8 ?$ W2 x: t Nf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
& T, b, j" }0 J9 nmatter. 2 L3 n* k, Y! f% c F w) T# h
; W. \) O& ^) [如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
6 C u/ t0 y' K$ @/ [答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 $ x% \! ~4 O! A: e c6 E7 e# q& d
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难 ! q# t2 ]$ R0 s& T4 r" x
找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
, v5 L8 h/ R+ P实际效果。
$ z; n, D3 r& q% s9 F1 ?* ?/ I+ H9 p4 I
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st / ?: t$ K- G/ w8 `6 _
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
5 M3 j0 M) \& s; K+ p8 _' Htechnology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat
1 c' n7 g6 d* G) x+ B. s5 p. xion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
; c2 c/ f. |4 |2 fcated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
; @8 l) a- V0 t+ m5 e7 ]" V* s; y# W+ z$ m! i* f: [" n
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
" O. j/ n7 u6 p4 [4 s: F发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
% K$ E8 K3 ~/ g. q! p. S) F是最简单的蚊帐。
; k) i( q* C4 \6 l) T8 y
; J) b* J) F6 e" iThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the
" Y0 k" R. a5 Y6 I$ zdisease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou ; j. f3 D) i1 n! _8 y& A
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government
: i* s. @9 D3 js, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li $ l2 I, R% E' y) P" c' H8 b) K* z" V
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what # j5 h* j$ F. U
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe ' N a; y) y, V9 M0 e8 v. k8 M
ople to avoid risky behavior. + v" z, _6 u/ B' g) P0 x. t
( ?& U* m' N- C艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
) h5 B5 i- y6 ]1 P- P9 h& S想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基 * g; l' M+ ^% @
金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同
* K' F4 ~/ _% D3 F2 A: F0 w时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 9 i' [% L" N* E7 |
为。 ) g1 q. L+ w( L
- t. V, E4 B7 W a1 y* {2 Q) G
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The ; `8 h; K5 Q; x/ D- F: Q W {
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
% i7 R% ?& n4 }" s; od with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t 3 u3 \3 m- n4 U4 K7 v4 ] D2 M- d
o complexity and quit.
% j8 T2 M" u* |3 ~4 x# ~2 n) K! r! P: P4 t; v z9 T: q
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 / l! }9 ~" d* Z& b
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
7 H: i$ ~+ F1 G8 A' I) x/ ^6 Y为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 & q: g0 S, p( T/ A3 @
9 [+ v% v% M6 ^. X' G: z7 f7 T
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me # c; j/ t' {% P8 Q; O n
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
/ o v: e- O, X% u" x' a# Whers learn from your efforts. ) F2 L1 W) S2 {! [: w7 h
, g1 M/ {4 [ W& c- k( Y8 I
在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者 - d# S8 |5 B& W# ~0 u+ N
失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 9 S1 o M8 _, F, I" u! P; X5 R6 ^& V
4 H0 M8 ]& t; k) x" ?$ S7 w( A0 I' X* E+ P
You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
8 m' ^& E+ o7 j- m+ Uprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 7 _1 c/ Z) ]8 g8 l% D" f
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential * I; F' ^( S0 l; q
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b / `0 W' U5 a; z: b) A6 Y
usiness and government. 8 v7 ]7 U+ v r
, w* h5 z5 w7 @5 }; j
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
! Q* M% v, `4 K) e# R g7 f。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善 1 `1 s7 X5 c) ^6 M! A& K( [
项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
\" n- X3 ]: a1 N
! r$ D2 g$ t; M. h5 u& B8 b7 zBut if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n 5 b* q3 q$ w' O" J$ M! Y, b
umbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel ( B* ~% p T4 u$ ?5 W; [- X
what saving a life means to the families affected.
6 b } S. X8 ]; c6 |
& x& w. D l# c1 W但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; 1 g) j2 W9 k$ X, A c# l$ k
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中
% `5 q; B+ e: r9 x# c/ E+ B: F的家庭到底意味着什么。 ! i. R7 ^- N! }& c- Q
) {2 c8 h5 D7 e4 {9 Y' mI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
9 }' e4 ^9 |6 z# ~9 }! Q+ Ythat was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
c3 L) {$ ?& Y( W7 ]+ nrill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye 0 v$ D- l& t5 X2 K2 I% u! y$ I
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c / ? D5 H0 u& w; D. u2 s$ w
ouldn't bear it.
4 R* }' \% m0 ]# I+ j. c& E
& G0 Z3 m1 {: _# w0 X4 w3 G/ Z1 C9 o几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万
; f- p! B& }1 e1 E8 Y条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
! i/ }( I1 F* Y8 c这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到
w7 i- J* }& t' E9 W7 j8 t我无法强迫自己听下去。 4 Z L# O @: K
" P U" M5 k2 j0 e$ N0 z6 e T2 ]What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
6 U/ N$ R% x% A: j. zevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we $ g2 d8 S; D/ f" x6 o
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
+ J- W7 k G, N) Q, d# m, Cabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l 3 v- L9 I, ~; u& n
ives?
8 T' h- @& k2 d! ?1 Y
6 h. f$ h3 g- I& h) C. T, L那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
8 `& j z% F& Z! G4 X众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 l2 [7 ~% L7 S0 t( v A
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? ' p1 k/ g G! M+ r+ ^/ {: N
% Q8 g0 S* H w6 [: ]5 q: T7 a5 d5 c% t5 {
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact.
( _/ i/ R c7 C2 D( O5 HAnd how you do that – is a complex question.
; x* Y6 |5 y; O% \9 a; |, H; @& T. B
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 * G2 I$ T7 h& j
点,并不是一件简单的事。 " f6 C3 ^0 y' X: s
4 h: a5 N! e, L1 i, \7 t0 U0 TStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too / k) I0 K0 E) R. q. P" s8 y; ?
ls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n + s+ q# g4 |6 e
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur
# s1 R: T9 v+ ?0 He can be different from the past.
# T" Z% E6 |! ?5 T$ ?/ _0 \8 j& m" r6 u, H3 ?
同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
7 D( R" L# Z; @% L但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 ) S$ N( [1 W( \9 L
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 + V+ P# \7 J. ~6 {* \
- @$ }7 c% s$ sThe defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute 2 }: ?2 X, v4 n9 G8 p) L
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove 5 I& L9 e- \/ Q1 Q. j- m3 U
rty and end death from preventable disease.
2 Q4 n3 W& K/ e2 `+ a% P$ w/ M1 i
/ m' w# H; g# X, S$ }$ h这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
* N) H1 c& B+ G% b* [3 U5 d- B一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 % [0 J9 {4 S; ]1 }& u- D0 X2 c
% N r3 `! e* n9 bSixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
" s; F# z t r4 z; W7 b' a8 @5 Mn to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i & m; Z$ C, u. z
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa 2 n/ r# m7 f' h0 q$ F& z U
cts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f # I+ |: E/ Z% F8 h* E
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is 9 I: a k# X7 ?
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o / f: T0 w! P2 [2 r S
f the situation."
' D! b- ?- J, g- R0 A/ V) F6 ~% ^ s
六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
% E1 C/ l* o7 f( z5 P% x8 Y国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 ' s1 m8 e4 M5 e! f$ Z$ l( B1 c0 ?$ v. A
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层
. k) M" o; k4 |1 ^# G3 `层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
) E- f1 u6 U0 E0 X5 w& K" b0 |+ X; S- P- u( i
Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me
) C1 J; b6 l+ d W8 \& U) v, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
1 V* y% R$ A- `% g( Gisible, less distant. ' D1 w" f& O: }( t, D
# e, @2 s1 m+ w: E; M) s7 {马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 ( |, V! k* r( d7 p3 Q, n7 r
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 4 k. g' g6 t; P( `' M
6 R5 \- n2 P6 B& K5 |3 gThe emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t . w. c+ p# I( o
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. . v" i% G. k0 T8 V! G' w( s
1 f4 S5 b- K- r; n
低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 . T) f. x Z. r( E' @6 V, j
大的机会。
. `+ R$ R6 {) N7 P
! K/ W. y% u0 N7 bThe magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an 8 D8 I6 d* \+ @& @
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b 4 M( M7 F; b& @" `3 Q7 }/ s. n( _3 x
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc ! d( z- M4 M) ^7 n6 c
ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
8 @+ p5 X" f# M4 W: ^8 K
3 O. I( v4 {5 o) o; G7 f网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 0 V+ G( o( j, }; L
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 3 `. [7 E4 m9 R; v3 A
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 4 M9 ~3 k$ A! o# l3 u1 u+ y* l5 P
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At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol
4 }* R+ Y$ K a9 r" }" K) c7 gogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
8 a- E" ]5 J/ K3 x( kscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w 2 q' i! n! f+ {% L
ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 2 x' l, G: w4 o, s
o the world.
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与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 ) @. N7 y; Z1 [$ b$ R
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
6 e+ Y0 q7 C: [% h2 e8 I人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
7 ]9 {+ z& e7 r6 Y% r! v8 }* Y2 [8 ^+ X# a$ I7 j l
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because 9 F/ t1 q X% l1 M9 j* h
these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
# d2 ?1 @3 k+ D4 ]another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
: q, \3 h4 P* b% A3 G. ~or universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
@8 ^( }( G0 D' @. `see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre 1 G; d ^( T2 x
ss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago.
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8 g/ K3 [7 u- e( L4 X. M我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 p* `0 q4 z Q6 Q' h8 `6 \
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小 % d5 J3 Q) }0 h8 H2 X: N
机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 + x) t# v: C8 U) L- g2 c4 T9 E
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 . D3 \5 R/ L- }6 I" r x5 }7 F
4 t& F$ N: X- n- R [" ^: w, S0 zMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
( j+ V! K2 b' U3 x5 t: rs of intellectual talent in the world.
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! Q0 ?! w. q# V3 w5 f哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。
5 C( b- @6 j1 N1 d* z
6 b3 |# ?7 I+ P" a6 _6 v* K; LWhat for?
: `" Z- K) p* v1 T
6 w' s9 f2 p" S我们可以做些什么?
4 C. K0 i- y! E0 @% h: o0 U$ _8 j. G8 \# n
There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
( e+ O1 o J$ A. F$ y0 c pactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
( R$ t& S1 P W \, xd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to 9 @/ N& ?1 c# Z5 Q6 _* @
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? 8 T: @2 g& R3 x
$ P! A3 F: Z9 _ q$ N+ l; O5 \毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
5 P c2 l; S( l的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 % Z; W& f/ h( ^1 s$ `
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? # F% l- s3 Q! P% j# j o7 j& L' V
1 e' n7 x% P4 v' _9 C" nLet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
8 t" J6 z+ i$ ~# `' E7 n) {, }6 lers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, F9 x7 m8 o/ Q1 N6 F
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: 0 ?0 q2 S7 G1 ^6 O: d! Y
. [+ p. n/ l5 y2 g$ c! r. {; Y请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
' [0 b) i4 U/ R; J3 @老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: 5 ^9 }) S: Y' \- I2 o ?! Q/ V
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Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? ) H' a! O3 B3 z. ~
, ? m4 S; E4 w" y7 E5 \2 O我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? . {1 H' `4 ^% S k0 d' _
3 Q; z% m+ _( o+ Y4 g% y8 [0 PShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? # N3 s, S, o/ d( X5 U j
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
* U1 [ O. m/ |+ [+ n' F6 A, M6 F& F2 ?nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
# t2 E6 a( \: [8 ]/ y% `ool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
& A+ l8 |/ n/ y8 n& m& x+ j- C( }
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
/ @# b- Y2 c* i( \端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童…
: _9 E8 S: l6 C…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
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5 |. N, J$ |6 s" TShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
2 S8 w* u1 a6 O& Q* s7 r( Xleast privileged?
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7 M5 V9 C( t, M8 _$ b那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西?
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6 Z9 O, I3 J8 R' a/ GThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies.
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这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 % p# n' J- c( h' ~( c( u
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My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop ( c6 i9 f* ^7 s; V
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
4 f% L3 k0 [: P: Pd a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
0 C; `. A+ [! _, \4 g) w' |3 D( Jwritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s / a2 H- L" w: ^. j8 v
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter " r+ u$ w( T' c
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." 2 `- \7 s, y t$ q! l
, s% d# @9 S6 Q |0 q0 L
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为
( w/ R) `7 w- Y& q& s他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
* j3 x2 O: x) w$ `; d( z,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症
1 I7 }: B4 j7 ?: w" u4 d. T/ Z N病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: ; f' Q) S- e m9 T% x% E
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
! I9 c0 f; k2 v. U u! G' `的期望也就越大。”
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) b+ i, n6 D, _% NWhen you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
$ t# t5 d6 B+ |4 R8 A* _ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world # H4 a. @0 Z" s5 g0 s- \% `
has a right to expect from us.
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想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可
4 @1 m5 z3 L8 c* H3 p/ W, h* s以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 $ K* ^: T/ N p" o
/ Q M) `, H2 Y: N7 \0 wIn line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
- K! r& w8 ? y0 Q; i2 U* \. n" dere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp " F) `# V; b" P0 `7 [
ecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome " f5 H. ]. q4 @- F' m# q' v
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we 9 D7 g0 J5 j; L+ e
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
5 v0 J' q7 e- v3 \7 Bwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
8 G" O$ h5 I/ I2 m题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的
( h4 D- M0 ?# k0 H7 X# X专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, ( j: I6 |' {6 U& \" Z
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息,
1 P* W$ w) h4 u: A7 s找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 8 n7 b! X/ L L0 h
$ x5 _! c7 _* e# VDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
8 D$ ]" C* b0 {( s7 tll be one of the great experiences of your lives. , i* i* }# A+ [; @) E: p' P3 s
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不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
" e% }0 d# E( C# r! k; | Y己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you 2 C" a9 h) o: y+ F" Q: w$ a
have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob 5 G3 C I8 A6 @& `) ]4 H3 f
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h & Q) Y+ a- ]$ k% C
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w
4 @7 t. z& V0 A; p- w* c5 C( ahose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had a' ~7 w n, M# ^
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
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+ b# l. m- O: K: J& q4 V在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
- q( L4 U* H$ ?" ?们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 & {+ D3 B2 B9 N; x3 j
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将 ! r7 E5 z; |6 ~8 J+ a a
受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有 + E, j5 r! f& s9 h
更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。 ( n% g! |( X r( q( ~7 |
& j% v) Y8 |" x' ]- R+ D, p) l4 ~0 h
Knowing what you know, how could you not?
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" K" {+ [4 u0 V, Y5 A X知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? $ _- \$ p+ P7 v+ M1 ]
% a: K* \/ T1 QAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
7 f1 s, m2 x; k% l' Owhat you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo d7 d9 v1 }; P: s, h
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
! o3 m6 i0 Y$ ?; v3 s2 V- Dyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
8 t+ t. q$ m% m. |eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. $ \ o- H! s& x2 j! \6 k1 Q4 ?
9 ?# E# G3 g( {* [我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 3 Z7 q. y7 r# ~2 t3 {' W0 ?
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
" w6 r8 N" t5 Z S变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
& a' h& o- k c( S& J' y+ |不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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