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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) 1 B3 y- u# K, x% W/ h6 Z8 G
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲
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2007年6月7日
8 X) C. U) X0 @ I- Q$ u$ I9 ?
4 {) O9 R$ ~9 W9 j$ v阮一峰 译 3 `# W) y7 I7 _4 U: m
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& d; j" o9 O6 k# IPresident Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members
2 f' O+ o5 Z* T, z2 Zof the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
' E8 ~( J- {; t* V+ dparents, and especially, the graduates: $ s/ E! V( k' i* B8 L
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
- @: ?4 i/ t, s) J5 F$ a理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:
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4 v3 o& J( p3 _! O" a3 |3 YI've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd $ @! x# Z( X+ J- r |7 O1 r# ^
come back and get my degree." & P2 m+ H1 q, H9 M
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
" D- u" ~$ ~ B, C% H( Q- e学位的!”
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& F3 [0 I$ ^# _: q; P: GI want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye 0 s( s$ @, A u4 W: T
ar … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.
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5 F/ f/ J% T' e9 u+ s8 T- U我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司
+ [6 e, s# F! a退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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2 s( Z; i6 q- ^3 C' o5 _I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr
9 N t9 s7 I- }; r9 qees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos
0 f3 z( @, j! L" L& Nt successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c 6 J" a. D, M- |1 |! `
lass … I did the best of everyone who failed. 5 ~. [" N! h0 a
6 G) e g4 [7 A我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“
5 q6 o# \7 X% _5 d6 g哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
8 [8 y, X0 \% e8 \% N, q所有的失败者里,我做得最好。
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3 R/ ]; _- ]* G1 R, [But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out
" B2 S3 p C- H/ e5 Bof business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
1 w+ }1 H- ^, Q% Kyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he
( m6 U9 y1 S1 \ M$ qre today.
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2 ]7 Y# B- O# T G但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了 & L/ m7 Q7 e- y4 D
。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲 2 o7 w+ E& c+ z4 ]& _* V
。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多 ]" J; J' T" N) S
吧。 * ~* `% w2 n; m: p8 N7 D, S
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating
/ w/ D: R% p/ V; z5 O' s. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li t# k- E# h1 K, l
fe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always
8 J* E0 L/ I, h+ g( X. O! G, Vlots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
) ^8 h7 y2 ^, e0 O. i* Yne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b / y7 Q) x, t; J0 `4 r& b5 u
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
) q+ Q) u( n1 u7 {1 Ldating our rejection of all those social people. ( u, |2 ]' b) e
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
2 T* p+ t/ v8 d" ]+ Y$ V$ c U课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 / [- v- G0 O$ q- h( R
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
6 z3 [& N. g3 L. n我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生
6 ?8 ], G n' N# h$ ^, x/ c的姿态。
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Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most 4 [! w! ]5 t& T% D# V5 k6 p$ a
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
2 _8 x+ w, m! O8 Z# C; M: G, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi * i: b7 d c) G5 ~9 J
ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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Radcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这
: b, L g4 f, \# K$ d种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了 + N) [7 E; |" U; Q
人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。 , _4 T: I# z/ ^* w5 |3 g' |
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One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
2 r$ o! U7 \2 R% Q2 z' ]- b, Lfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
- f4 C: F5 Q5 U9 x. Ud's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. - D2 C; R$ ~5 K4 c. R; W
2 R# d& P! `, g+ L: k* A* ~. d5 |我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque 9 l/ h% ^! Y r- g
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
* R1 _% ~. u) U3 C他们出售软件。
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+ b8 \0 _3 R* E0 X8 k( \; YI worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
' n* Q Q; B7 q* E7 ?: q; Dn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic & l; a: q. c" u! ^
h was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome ' [. {+ [. J1 L+ o) f
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the : b* h9 o7 J4 b. g6 J0 F& E
end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi " L- i: d" t$ D, c) b' y* L' a1 ~
crosoft. 3 A- w6 y1 g2 m: f: V
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们 4 R. | w+ h1 k x2 O
还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
+ t6 x/ w& [) d4 u( r9 b来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
+ l. R& w. W* W$ s0 q. a' U6 `生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。 8 h7 k7 y8 _) P: x7 z
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What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
+ D7 E3 n) f7 Lgy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di 4 c! Z& G5 M: U/ W
scouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though
# c* o. [# H* `; o" o6 k5 p& ]) ^- t PI left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made 2 k* x8 h: G/ a) [4 l
, and the ideas I worked on.
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不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
2 c" {7 Q0 T# d2 n4 R也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
* q2 h( V" ?/ d9 k) P* k( b- @人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
9 C& W9 K" k9 L0 y. g里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 6 p8 R( s+ u* _! Q# j
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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. v4 U# {4 s7 R# _5 m但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 9 T9 |- J4 |, V* m
! Z( B2 e+ `. w4 ]7 dI left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – 5 B$ J$ S1 a/ J6 n* P
the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
8 }5 `+ l* x% F, S; _! j! ymillions of people to lives of despair.
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我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 / I4 e' ]5 _3 ]. n. k E
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。 # q' _% E* I. I3 A' t4 Z
- r$ ]; e8 l% xI learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g , O" J1 I4 @8 s+ i1 Z, z
ot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences.
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我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。 7 D" Y) G! S- d: v) a6 ]/ x/ `
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But humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos
3 X1 g8 |& Q( v" Z' c" L$ xe discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron 2 n& s, p/ P1 Y9 T- ]. r6 `
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu 6 m+ g5 j/ B% j4 k' {4 c' q
cing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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# P* Y; d9 k# H' @9 \0 |7 b# g但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 6 b1 i! e# ^$ v A; z* c" W2 ?
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广 % e& M" i# q3 J1 v. e
泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
5 s( W3 y: X* t0 seducational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the # B' ~7 ^% Q/ M, E4 h8 P
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou " w5 [8 S& p9 @! s
ntries. u6 T A; b1 _
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我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机
5 _3 p: o' @, B+ C2 x会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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. e3 j8 R0 `; B4 d9 gIt took me decades to find out. / G/ `2 o# V5 ~6 |' S9 |" z
; r- t5 F8 }; e8 [. R0 Y, U我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。
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+ W `+ _; R" H9 c' u O& ]% i u6 aYou graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor
& W4 f( H0 P1 O8 j' h! gld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope
, y1 t& A% R! z; Vyou've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo 3 r$ r r) [* ?
gy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. % ?! H& g( J& ^
4 P9 y: k* d3 ^5 z) M在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
7 H8 r" R' \9 J# P世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
# b$ l( K: w+ f( w3 |. ?, \是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这
6 z: e! P$ @" F* d ]9 Z' J0 ^+ N个问题。
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% n8 q$ @" y( I& hImagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and
" Q2 B6 T) M* w: i5 c! ]a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim
' }6 t O$ v1 O8 h/ G% P: Ze and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li - l, k" |2 D9 [( c' K+ n
ves. Where would you spend it?
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
4 S( T9 q& y- S+ d钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
0 V2 F& s6 c; A- Z, d4 c+ \你会选择什么地方? , H, ^7 K0 E Z9 L+ C% a
; Y. z0 X' H, S7 g/ [* p# @% K3 [ qFor Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good
3 a) o( i0 g. Tfor the greatest number with the resources we have. ! Z+ r9 l4 g& w1 I; d% ~
) d0 z. S' J* m+ {4 w& F+ u7 m2 ^对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有 ) K4 q: l% q: `; Q
的资源发挥出最大的作用。
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During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t 5 z/ x7 }8 G4 n9 L) ~
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea ; A" b0 P# P5 X+ F6 e/ S1 d8 q
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu ! t# i: S% R- T, n* U) [
monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
% j9 y! w4 a% O# Z, Rirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
$ W: ?! v7 b: a' _' p3 u0 yStates.
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的 9 }( | E7 S9 a; w
儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有 % K- Z3 L# ]' _& o2 a
一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 $ a7 I) I3 f, e& E4 V: m6 }
亡病例也没有。 $ Z, f4 f( G9 `: ?4 Q
+ q5 J7 u v# L3 q6 s7 O+ p: nWe were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
* ~! B5 u. A/ s/ ~9 `' Bnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
Y6 Z) e, V- p, U& j) Piver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer , J; h& P8 j( g& _! C: J: O, y
e interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered. - D) n0 {6 O$ Z- }' |! H3 y- U
4 J+ \8 j, N( K5 ^! Z* C- r& D我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的,
8 B3 a! N1 O& T% [& l7 R那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 , Y& d' p @; L2 n! s. y
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 - c$ C& T2 s" M L5 X# e
z8 q1 Q% E& r- p2 oIf you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s * O$ T: T4 Y% L, Y) R
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " ' M4 V% `; X$ t# O
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g
; M, t- k. B4 I- Oiving."
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃
! c! A/ M8 @# ~. c; G7 q3 t了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应 ; l; L% O- ~* f+ U% K6 y7 ^$ j
是我们努力的头等大事。”
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1 v- M6 K0 P F& c. ?$ o' [. oSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho t6 S! L/ b7 \
w could the world let these children die?"
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. U4 ?4 O1 T9 {所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 & s( V5 ^* V! W/ V; e
这些孩子死去?” " F" V' W r$ j. d: C
2 [. |5 a9 W# x0 I3 g0 `The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of 2 O: P% C2 N; Z0 h. P; S
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be 3 o' S& P! D H. U
cause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice ! a1 X6 x6 X" ~, Q- A7 ]
in the system.
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2 {, O8 ^% I6 j7 Q答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不 - b4 d+ n8 @. T2 g% ?- \2 ^
会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没
1 C6 Z5 K( a& G2 v* ^有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both.
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但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。
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. o8 Q9 S4 @) t) H6 v% m) WWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr
, ] ?+ E, Y# k" V6 [eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more . Z/ y1 |4 A6 D3 f
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s
* J. T& r, g" ?: Q* \, Ouffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w 0 m" L C. b& ^, Q& f
orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo % g' }5 I* @" b; t& J
ple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 : q* e5 W- |& }+ I; l
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
0 D% s9 }) D2 e,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施
+ G, W% N( R+ m" h; z压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 d5 S3 u b2 ]- I3 F
& m# U5 M& {* y/ V6 EIf we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat
8 G' V3 [+ s3 _0 n: Be profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain 3 U* Y1 ^7 q1 _# O
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
! Z& y! ?# ~# K2 h4 cr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the ! G$ M: Q7 T O: d! b v- `
world. ) L$ Q; R) ^0 d' [8 x
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如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 0 R. O5 N. o" D; \& H3 H
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限
+ k5 [) b S/ S, K的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。 4 O9 ^6 I' t: P1 P$ I
K# @: U- k) X+ J0 o
' G# v9 L) u' ~* Z$ z+ b/ GI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is b6 P- c, D" e! K }. E
no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b 7 J( @ H0 M% K+ d' b
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely
- a! x! U/ R$ p5 J( bdisagree. 0 P) t2 u' G/ S0 z6 B @
' Z. a+ f6 ~$ L2 l" O! j
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“
i j1 n- Z* B. H8 r) o不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 $ p% B4 @" a' _1 {1 y
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 , V5 f, W4 [3 Z, G
$ y K7 C+ c7 |, W( ?& D8 t2 b4 oI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. g: u7 e8 _! G
2 j% J( w' }7 w: a9 h9 Q- E: t
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 6 ]/ S7 w/ ?4 j$ K* v, B M
, g% B* G( P- s) a
All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
A8 ^$ B* }0 T1 lthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care, / O8 }4 z* q' U! y& I, M
but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h
+ d5 P% ^( {" C: x$ ?ave acted. ; {3 j3 B: \. n' Q
2 N3 F: w; m X) S
此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分
) p+ s" Z1 n0 k伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
: I7 i1 U5 y" j2 R# k( u如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。
/ V" G+ v' {. }; A
( w! M3 U+ S; o. E2 B" KThe barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. 2 x# V( Z( i6 R! u( A4 M! Y
: f! x u1 e# i/ {& d4 l
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。
# j6 D9 j5 @ c% F
$ n% g" ?3 N* `% z3 i! UTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
, E. g) Y. S' L3 \" Cthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. 9 t% w5 `5 W, y7 Z2 ^6 t% E9 [# E
/ p) s+ I; G4 ~2 X N! Z; q为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界 ( P$ `" y Y+ n, O# D2 Y
的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。
3 J8 `, B+ l% R
& a4 K" v/ r4 Y/ `- Z( P" KEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e 6 x7 M$ x; T& r
nterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o ( S( o0 V4 h/ J
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det , m2 _# j6 l j& `9 L& b' K
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.
% L T/ ?0 r) {6 ?8 q) F: m+ P8 s6 J# s: E) z
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
* ]7 }3 a) g q+ ~" F# h( t架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来
% |. O7 P% X S2 a W3 _+ g4 M$ v再次发生类似事故。
) z. R3 B6 d* ~3 m+ P/ v& k l# C& r- K4 _7 V k, Y- q( G S5 B
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people 4 i2 w6 o# c& W8 T7 k
in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o $ m$ ^6 b' g* o7 O; u
f them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
9 U9 N' E) z lthe problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent." % k4 F% E7 `% {0 q6 }
, k: A$ F3 O0 u7 t' d+ p
但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 4 V' J; ^0 X3 W8 z0 U+ o
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 t% |( Z9 M4 G5 s" `. g4 C
。”
, J6 W+ d4 a& r! r
# Y8 u' x+ L; D: qThe bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea
4 _ r( M; a' g5 Y; R4 F8 fths. ( C7 q" Q3 d( D8 G* Z4 f/ l
, n2 Y+ C; Y3 v" |6 @; j2 R
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
* H0 w1 R/ K! V) m5 G" @$ o$ _% _* X* l* s
We don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
; Q& x; d ^1 j# l1 i% o8 W( Pions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's % O6 `, c$ j$ }
easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
6 F. y" f. O- L% P' x" rto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat , s' b2 o7 L0 ~
ion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. ( J3 u8 u& ^( v0 _
0 d- Q; b$ Y. H) l我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻 0 d# U) q8 p5 g9 b+ i0 _
。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件
1 N+ `# x5 Q7 i/ N& _7 c: \本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
# N& d$ u% c w! G何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。
k+ g- d1 Z4 V7 a- ], D6 A1 }" C% |/ ^/ C8 z# y* Z
If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second
0 d8 `; \5 o: Q7 e; [7 h b5 H1 Dstep: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.
$ `: s* p$ M% J7 g. f' x5 y4 ~6 S/ |1 V1 U6 t0 D, Y
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 : N! v M: m" y( m
的事件中找到解决办法。 4 @, z3 @, W# S+ Q( {
' J' E; ~0 s9 T. s! D9 D! }. F8 OFinding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w ; C2 o& E! j$ j7 \3 G" l. b t! i! y
e have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho : ]8 S4 U8 M3 q9 q
w can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th # j6 ]5 r0 W2 Z
e caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
! x0 B/ w0 [5 T* ]1 h4 bf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to
N" x: {, \: {3 @* w- ~$ J- g# e+ omatter. 4 h6 ^$ U* |6 r
( T; }* W9 N/ f1 k- W7 ~
如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
$ \* v9 U& f4 Y答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 & z$ g% j# F: X/ _" O
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
: c, O, f6 [8 {; E& a$ L9 d8 h4 P找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生 6 A: `% B; B. r
实际效果。
. b+ F8 s9 n) m) [ D' N- N3 Z% A) N5 f+ X/ m8 L
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st : p0 E$ e X) |% N/ r
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal
7 K, d. B' ~; `# d' m: h0 R( ?technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat 2 B$ P+ |; Z9 M
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti
8 T4 t; d2 y1 X( }cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. 6 F( R5 e6 |* r/ r, \
* n, `3 d' A2 l% p2 z: r9 G( `" P
从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法,
- x; G- I( i$ w" x. a3 Q* f" E发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还 - C* O- Q5 ]" @; D5 Z
是最简单的蚊帐。 $ U, {/ Q7 R0 t9 D0 z, i
0 p/ ^" J, P+ Z( vThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the 4 {& B% D- @! \: S: O% W9 Y' `
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou
! ?9 C: j/ f$ ^4 vld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government & X+ s4 Z, O5 H( I7 O9 b
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li : z6 }' O: o9 J" F
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what 0 ?( P" R6 ~0 o8 f* v
we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe
3 H8 V2 K$ A% g8 N$ \% ?8 C: wople to avoid risky behavior. / }4 u! r$ P. I9 l: e2 ?0 c
, C z' h( v J+ M: o, p3 z1 b. T$ A
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理
+ B4 H' z# {& I6 O想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
& E$ Z G6 v- H M [! c4 Y金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 & t% R, _; y9 s" F/ W5 ~% ^
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 . j+ b9 M: J4 U: z1 K
为。 : H& x- h' b, }, C+ o, `6 b8 i/ J
! }! x$ p# u" [: k- X
Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The 7 L/ F: p T. e/ N2 U
crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
6 I* t7 d+ d+ c; kd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t
3 B0 ~% X; v$ I3 @! _" ~7 }o complexity and quit. 1 N/ L+ [, ^) g9 s/ [! o
( f- ~& m- Q# a( P/ L2 Y/ C0 O' i
要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 4 m% P+ l3 d0 h
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因
: U. b) G- u0 q( g5 L1 Q为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。 0 g; }" @1 @8 l9 M7 Y
% y! A- k) L6 i7 F: y. PThe final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me ; I' T2 }& A" b- q* W# S+ k
asure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
1 J, D/ b% Q9 H; ^( ^& b$ \hers learn from your efforts.
0 {3 k/ @+ @$ A" F$ a' P# l
8 u; j/ ]+ {/ \7 \( h在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
* N# W2 G. |, N* Y, _失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。 & b# k. m; r5 j
8 _- C7 W1 q* j7 g; q: U4 zYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
5 w3 K8 c; g- n% Nprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 6 N4 M3 @3 `1 ?8 f/ E- o+ }
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential . ?: ~% I! A* H4 q
not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
/ M3 s+ g t2 h+ G4 ~1 P! d ^usiness and government. # o: b3 ]8 p3 k/ i5 W$ O# G+ b7 U
2 |# k, h2 G+ m
当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
% I- r, v$ x8 v# Y0 h。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
2 d0 T1 u3 g! j& s9 U3 H+ F( ^项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。
2 }- J7 _2 W7 u' j4 x" N! T+ e6 p: x/ G( k: |' J! \, p
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
6 V# F' R% Q) O% `! A! b+ Pumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel 9 W: N4 T0 e2 u) G4 }* }9 x( k* Q
what saving a life means to the families affected. 6 i$ X; A( E1 j: d6 r$ W
+ c0 ]& p' h0 Y. ?( d" M/ Z/ u但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字; " H0 _& V) U! {& W5 ]3 P8 ?
你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 0 J6 m. z3 n! t' [+ r8 ~$ M
的家庭到底意味着什么。
" S$ ^6 h0 J" V8 _9 m
0 c1 w9 \9 f+ I; u4 DI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel
) w3 g2 B/ o7 K* ?4 _4 ^that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th 6 K6 @& j& m/ f( _5 [( e2 R3 K
rill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye
3 M6 W0 T; Y$ ?1 j _) ^/ xt this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
: l$ g8 I2 w) w! |ouldn't bear it. 3 @6 p# S* h1 q( W4 W9 D0 D9 S$ m l
: Z8 b! b3 T) T几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 5 ^% T( P, c* N' P: L
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把 * ?6 }6 C- d' F/ K# F& H
这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 & x9 y C" `8 ^0 Y
我无法强迫自己听下去。
, O- Y( K9 ~) V* t% G3 M6 G x$ l
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an
7 ^% [0 q4 w/ i' Cevent where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we
+ [8 z% C+ D4 u- p! Z$ m( s" ~had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited & s; D8 C: p! p- b) X
about software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l # E' T4 m: U! L3 h- v# j
ives?
# s: K. p' v, u- Q9 G4 K5 o0 {0 J! \
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
5 A( U) G. ~- U. @众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够 . `% P% s/ O1 B+ Y" [, [* f- q
让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? 7 o8 k2 [$ L6 L+ D( p
8 q: r& k2 {2 y" ?9 I3 L6 P; J/ F
You can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. # M2 I, J/ y- p* y/ u: R0 h
And how you do that – is a complex question.
$ D$ x; h- r, x5 _+ F- Z* o5 r3 c$ l% u1 }" K! y
除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 % Y- o3 a4 {- z/ T' v7 q
点,并不是一件简单的事。 0 x1 l3 J6 \ |0 i5 L0 U# m3 L
. N$ T3 s l7 n* i8 JStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
5 J+ W; c6 y3 T# o7 @8 v/ fls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n ! ~* n4 [ ^ x0 x; u: S
ew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur 1 J" W6 d1 _; Q: ^+ Z$ q p' R8 W
e can be different from the past. / } o2 w+ E% l. ?& }7 q* }
: f0 Q. ?9 g+ F2 J! a0 L% _+ l同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在, 7 y% ]8 K& R1 Z. s. C
但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 " W: h) C+ j. z3 V
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 8 f- z+ i7 z0 @+ [3 j
- I3 a/ [* L# U
The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute * {2 P$ M$ c- y2 D
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove : u6 C3 a6 c* M( w
rty and end death from preventable disease. 2 d9 m4 ^# T9 `) X4 J+ D
. ]& N8 j e4 G$ }9 O# R7 g* k1 O这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们
& u: ]" }9 `) k9 d一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 2 _0 A. q6 A4 T
/ ~- V$ z3 Z2 \: z2 {( u& G M$ {Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla
/ O x1 c( n/ n& }; En to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i
) \6 U* g/ W9 U* s) c8 K) ?s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
+ X2 T. ~6 W# icts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f ( J$ n2 f" i' V) h
or the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is + E# D( ^4 P9 G% E4 ?7 X4 O
virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o
2 _: P a1 M9 p9 a8 {6 q9 T+ Uf the situation."
) M# T3 x- ^+ e f
( ^, V' K* |4 @; v六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲
8 v1 l# ^3 n( j: h4 z. g; S国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源 ; h( b" i2 m7 |9 S( ?, l V V+ @' k1 q
源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 2 p3 Z% Q2 m+ H
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。”
1 u7 w7 [/ w9 y6 m+ c6 d
) |4 {, A& O1 F* X+ o3 P1 wThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me ) n: J% j: F4 s. [* c! Z$ h
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v 0 f% v5 T! X- s
isible, less distant. , B: y8 ?/ x w
6 @9 E1 A) Y9 H4 V. c- r+ m! L. V+ G马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术 # B$ ^0 t% j0 f+ I! \: i
刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 ' A) G) t$ ^- o% r0 I/ E+ ~
5 l1 E8 p' c, A
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 9 j3 T; K0 C4 d' Z9 r, f
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. 0 Y8 u, ~# a8 b7 f- X2 e- S& ]
" N3 g9 y: |" y9 p0 T5 ~0 J5 V) T% G) k低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨 0 | P/ ^+ l! L1 a- d
大的机会。 , u/ m% `+ X0 n- F l' S9 z
0 b8 `" s1 a7 F0 k6 P: G
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an + u" G" K* h' {1 W
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b 0 O. m) I) T W" K9 W" i
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
/ ^8 q3 y4 S1 |ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree.
9 j/ V% i: T6 m* i! A$ _
" L& r# S6 }6 s. R, {6 _: r网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 9 V R# q4 i& V- M1 G5 P7 u; M
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就
( f- x& d3 h: ^+ t7 w4 K( ?' d大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。
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; P* S1 B+ L, z' G. yAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol % t3 G5 n+ h1 M5 x5 H
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di
# ]' r! a# d$ u `; u5 x/ @8 dscussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
7 S$ W7 V _0 `2 F( Hho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t 7 _& |3 I/ u! x5 _5 E5 g
o the world. $ f1 y. v6 J* t6 T
6 {5 y& H7 Z+ f$ L3 ?与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有 z: n, u! a9 d' j% O5 T& J5 n: M
创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
( u, a, A" P2 C) d3 T人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
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5 w9 Y! ^1 \6 K( vWe need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
+ F7 j/ M0 D7 s6 M O" l! nthese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one " l( K( f8 z. h0 t& y% l
another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
) M c/ F: d# |3 p% C& mor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
8 K1 L1 B4 T& ` @see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
2 C9 h0 W. \0 k$ Nss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. % E9 p( x4 I) P( O0 a, q2 M. y$ x
# h; J3 ]0 { y7 O: i- [
" T/ E6 i+ O, V2 w3 D+ I& B& p+ A5 q我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 & q P8 _$ {: o' v
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
: {1 q d0 \1 X9 X* I/ Y1 ~3 M机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去
# M3 N; ^( b$ n g' w改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。
7 h$ w, I' Z. `9 d2 v
7 s. t6 D. b# R9 x6 E1 PMembers of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection
" ~2 l1 ? _% n0 `+ G# Y0 ts of intellectual talent in the world.
# c4 A; c. z9 U" t( U. }* W; K
! M/ E) X f: g7 X1 ~5 H; y; l哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 5 d& c3 V* @ y! E! G" O( ]7 f v
2 y0 X. X4 ?9 j5 wWhat for? " F u( S3 t3 z5 n
% O) n8 ^3 d% h" S7 W; }5 e; K( N; ]
我们可以做些什么?
% u' Y( S5 I# d$ L- S
( [4 M9 ~* Z) a" U# f! hThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef
" E9 y6 D) _" ~1 d* Hactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
0 M% a) ] H+ z0 {! l/ p2 _d around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to ( F0 p2 g9 A/ B! Q+ u" w& f; O
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name?
# U2 l* N& u }
5 S3 [7 T B1 \7 t- D毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们
8 {/ I- M; P$ l9 @" D; z, K的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用 , Z- a! _6 R+ Z- k" H5 A
来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? ) H& q; @2 l5 w) v$ V3 o
, [. D" p9 l Q2 e8 B9 T4 ^Let me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead
% F8 }% Z5 k0 t! ~" r$ b3 e% ^ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum,
* f0 N- }) C2 c: A8 d: sand determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
7 \, R# [, V% V7 `% U6 ` f" |
6 y6 a5 P' V, M7 t9 r A请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的 4 c: f0 a+ o7 D
老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题:
+ E, x0 X5 {" R4 e, a. k) k9 I8 d/ A+ |3 c/ E! f0 d
6 }( R( E; i, x6 X3 M
Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
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7 Y9 n9 p( }2 m1 w R/ |我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题? - P1 e8 v& o2 \" W4 g5 s) r
. {8 S. o0 W4 _% h! S cShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? 6 e5 \" |+ `- @1 N" ]. v" y& v
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale
l& u! I6 a( M7 ance of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
8 T) @+ r( m z0 `+ f+ ^6 z9 f# Q) Aool … the children who die from diseases we can cure?
z& I! B, \; {* G$ \( A& H2 Q+ \% q8 {- I
哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极
4 y! r6 i1 \8 K2 Z# D端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… 2 R4 |" g8 @5 N- ]: f
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西? * g& W: w, r' W' T9 T+ w# A6 L# s- r
. {7 ?. }# Z0 w6 ]5 g6 YShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's
7 C; O$ l# ]( Rleast privileged? * a: ]( ]0 X; Q5 g
6 Z# N- E0 G- a4 I那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? ( e8 k) @: a' ^! b! C3 h
, \% m) M! a8 f i2 P& BThese are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. $ f$ T& a' Z. r" t# ^
- l& w1 c6 H! v9 F' x) D/ i+ W p4 L这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。 $ U3 u0 |. S: }, N* P
2 q, Z6 A' c4 _2 ]8 \My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop
( U# V ?5 I' M/ Cped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
' D8 \; f) N: i. F! f& Pd a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had 1 Q$ o1 V/ [; m$ n8 J) o! _/ f
written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s
& a6 G: Y+ j( e9 E* B/ k3 raw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter / i( B4 @0 G: @* V! |- P
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." , l c) u; m m: h- E. E8 ~7 s
! g: e" H% K% H/ B5 v+ ?
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 5 w, z+ P2 T% A. w& l
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上
7 ~, Z/ A8 n( Q {% F,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 1 a- A' m% d$ t: b$ E1 \
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: # B8 V7 n1 |, Y2 O/ W
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你
/ r; ]$ q& {- E. L$ y的期望也就越大。” . J$ }" K4 z2 s) q( _! _
\9 u% W. |7 z7 R+ C2 Q
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal $ k, H0 |, a5 u* X: h+ \/ w# J# ` w
ent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world % H! ^7 D2 _9 _+ y" F3 G
has a right to expect from us.
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! |( z! q% M+ B: a+ h想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 0 Y) R5 c/ A4 V
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。
1 x2 f, U3 T5 ?7 N: k, @+ f& C! u9 w; _# |9 J' ^: Y
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
% |! b4 o0 m* g, tere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
+ _) R- f8 V+ U0 Fecialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome / F+ T* g- ]/ t+ @
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we ! ^# ]) |4 o- ~( C0 l# h
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others
3 l/ Q/ _) ]+ C/ A. G4 nwith the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them.
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
8 y6 [1 M" [7 N# Z2 B! b1 a8 \题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 + h. e. \. }/ I/ G( q
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是, ' N) Y, W3 s8 ^# N
你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, ' n. |6 z- h8 V0 D/ \& v% q
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 1 z7 P. V x$ {
* W7 k2 ~0 s: q! E3 d! J+ _Don't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
4 @% C5 R8 e( j+ W! N- O- ill be one of the great experiences of your lives. , ? h) v4 \2 d
/ H' c m3 b7 Z) c5 L: i" g$ T) |不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
% ^ K7 H) Q6 g9 r8 i6 B" M己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。 % L3 h# Q) s0 t9 L9 i9 h8 d
: A1 e% R8 ~1 k9 {6 M2 I! V
You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
. s9 r- v S7 rhave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob + X3 s* X& c! L1 f
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h , ~/ R$ s* _: H9 \9 V, p
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w * n* k& N) a# ^( c, p' ^
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had $ g I9 [0 [# h8 I& [9 N
; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
^! W; b/ t3 m' u/ q7 q0 i& r: C8 e/ ?
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你 9 G7 J" ]8 G5 K7 {5 l& @) q
们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那
1 q+ o Y; u! q. v时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
" O, U0 c& O/ }1 L, F: ^受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
6 V) `0 m O& C更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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Knowing what you know, how could you not?
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知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? $ {, o% U# U7 S( J1 i5 y
2 X6 E2 G2 [4 o+ I. ~5 B# H
And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on
# L; P6 p" f6 ]- Y: ~what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo % Z# r2 {" h6 O6 D1 w1 h% v8 Z; o
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well ' H+ k2 H. e8 Q) z" R; A4 [$ \' p
you have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p
9 R* l. l7 W1 ceople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity.
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我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 ' _; F( u3 W* Y
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
! v- |' I! g' |* v变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
# G- `; D4 \, L" T, J1 \+ Y# x不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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