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2008-11-02 01:02:11 来自: lightpie(上次登录还是1.5年前.....) / F: X& d* ]; S$ P* M3 M8 X1 R6 [
比尔·盖茨在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲 7 _- _6 M; k6 r8 O, K4 ^) N" a; S3 _
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2007年6月7日 L$ O' {, B$ y6 l0 G
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阮一峰 译
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President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members * _6 L- n4 r; ]+ r& \3 b
of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty,
1 B+ h0 X; X# Kparents, and especially, the graduates:
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尊敬的Bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管
: Z! H0 U7 t& ^2 z$ R) m理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学: A5 C- V: A3 `6 H: X; J+ E
% N: I1 d( ^3 b0 M5 R' @I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: "Dad, I always told you I'd - m" M( t$ C/ p9 t
come back and get my degree." * M) i z' Y+ P2 Y! Q6 e
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有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的
! ]9 X0 s( J% ^) u4 j0 t学位的!” * }5 Q4 T9 y% b# p' I& O
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I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I'll be changing my job next ye
5 \/ [7 ~- S7 K/ J5 \3 J- `0 car … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. ' _2 V9 c8 a; A5 j) z; |% |+ q
* T) C' g; W1 ^" i7 u! u" P- f我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司 1 A9 l6 H( k% z: ?6 \4 s
退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。
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I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degr 4 {3 F5 W" s( u7 N3 ^5 l0 _
ees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's mos " U: C% ^! t; k( x, {5 m" G% Q
t successful dropout." I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special c
$ S+ O+ K; C" l5 L5 rlass … I did the best of everyone who failed.
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我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我简单多了。哈佛的校报称我是“ 9 X R1 f; }* _
哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在
. U2 u; j; i1 A, N! h; N* [4 X! X所有的失败者里,我做得最好。 5 o2 O# [ x: j: X% t
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But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out " V$ ~0 I8 q# s: q0 I9 ?
of business school. I'm a bad influence. That's why I was invited to speak at
# {; H3 [; _' t6 `9 ?/ Tyour graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be he . Z9 }0 Q* e$ g: }' Y+ B8 h
re today. 8 E) D# v" I5 s
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但是,我还要提醒大家,我使得Steve Ballmer(注:微软总经理)也从哈佛商学院退学了
. ]) g v/ B. t, n4 u7 `% M: N。因此,我是个有着恶劣影响力的人。这就是为什么我被邀请来在你们的毕业典礼上演讲
7 Y8 q6 X6 x/ z6 c ^# m% |。如果我在你们入学欢迎仪式上演讲,那么能够坚持到今天在这里毕业的人也许会少得多
9 }) Z1 N4 N6 J吧。 6 b* H6 x `, N) I1 L
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Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating * t6 h9 n6 l/ G+ x
. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn't even signed up for. And dorm li
/ q& U7 a. i1 Efe was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always Y: | o6 ^5 W3 f/ R
lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyo
! v# w9 c4 q% \1 z- pne knew I didn't worry about getting up in the morning. That's how I came to b & O6 ?2 \. j& [ w4 w
e the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of vali
& A# e9 v& H# c' B& ddating our rejection of all those social people. 7 d( Z+ x0 g5 h ~
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对我来说,哈佛的求学经历是一段非凡的经历。校园生活很有趣,我常去旁听我没选修的
& o! w# f" A* F* ~$ B3 r课。哈佛的课外生活也很棒,我在Radcliffe过着逍遥自在的日子。每天我的寝室里总有很 : ~0 L' d! f/ P2 [
多人一直待到半夜,讨论着各种事情。因为每个人都知道我从不考虑第二天早起。这使得
! E3 M$ w7 o. o! _我变成了校园里那些不安分学生的头头,我们互相粘在一起,做出一种拒绝所有正常学生 , O# |- n$ F( t' B) v; e& f
的姿态。 , h+ z/ G' @6 J# ~2 j9 _
+ t! s4 I/ ^# ?) o p' t% }2 O9 fRadcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most ! n; u8 G/ ]: E# f6 Y
of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds
8 A( E: k7 ~' R, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improvi
k9 ~, q! S4 U% v @8 J! e: _ng your odds doesn't guarantee success.
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+ A- F* ?) T- Z: T8 Q" XRadcliffe是个过日子的好地方。那里的女生比男生多,而且大多数男生都是理工科的。这 0 E0 t; x. d5 F1 H0 X
种状况为我创造了最好的机会,如果你们明白我的意思。可惜的是,我正是在这里学到了
& K! t$ E& x- [人生中悲伤的一课:机会大,并不等于你就会成功。
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& G/ Z/ a/ s' l% W1 OOne of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call
, ~ f \. s0 ]* zfrom Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the worl
% {2 F* I; R. n% J; pd's first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. $ k+ q; v+ K9 Q3 Q. a; s
4 j2 i$ | j: z& d8 N5 O D我在哈佛最难忘的回忆之一,发生在1975年1月。那时,我从宿舍楼里给位于Albuquerque 1 U& j( _) g b) j
的一家公司打了一个电话,那家公司已经在着手制造世界上第一台个人电脑。我提出想向
: i2 I( x! g8 o. `% x4 f: v他们出售软件。
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I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up o
; \7 S: ]5 J' fn me. Instead they said: "We're not quite ready, come see us in a month," whic
5 Z' _6 |3 x; K$ I! I; g3 A5 Sh was a good thing, because we hadn't written the software yet. From that mome 9 W4 L' G, I# @' m
nt, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the
5 I; O8 S$ V# c' B4 X5 U. L+ a, kend of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Mi 5 q4 f( s: `& t5 A* C- ]5 ^
crosoft. 9 h! V1 h/ T( Y& I' n
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我很担心,他们会发觉我是一个住在宿舍的学生,从而挂断电话。但是他们却说:“我们
8 K) t" B" ~1 k* [$ M* B还没准备好,一个月后你再来找我们吧。”这是个好消息,因为那时软件还根本没有写出
, V y. B# o% t5 [& P- C( [来呢。就是从那个时候起,我日以继夜地在这个小小的课外项目上工作,这导致了我学生
! n5 V+ b6 P) N" x; C# e& C生活的结束,以及通往微软公司的不平凡的旅程的开始。
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* T; }/ t% C- ZWhat I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much ener
& B) s2 M$ _& e/ F( {gy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even di
" _: q- V) _, K1 m3 o' Y! j5 V* Oscouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege – and though - b: F- l. ^8 g& P% u9 t4 A
I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made
5 j6 {0 m! V6 e8 {; B, and the ideas I worked on.
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# y' i3 E) R" @# L不管怎样,我对哈佛的回忆主要都与充沛的精力和智力活动有关。哈佛的生活令人愉快,
3 B9 ~) u! n' J3 ~" ]也令人感到有压力,有时甚至会感到泄气,但永远充满了挑战性。生活在哈佛是一种吸引
: K- T/ P' L* _! \0 `% P. S人的特殊待遇……虽然我离开得比较早,但是我在这里的经历、在这里结识的朋友、在这
1 |9 w* J/ A/ W% _里发展起来的一些想法,永远地改变了我。 3 ~& D. Q; f. I+ c4 k
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But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret.
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但是,如果现在严肃地回忆起来,我确实有一个真正的遗憾。 ; K: Z2 j( _3 m, {
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I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world –
) I! A `$ N* t- C2 i6 ^- V% G4 Mthe appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn
) l! Y+ m4 N* E. f5 a# amillions of people to lives of despair.
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2 u! f+ \) n2 N& @4 e' R我离开哈佛的时候,根本没有意识到这个世界是多么的不平等。人类在健康、财富和机遇 + ]7 V' j& b+ h6 L
上的不平等大得可怕,它们使得无数的人们被迫生活在绝望之中。
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% ~4 P; k$ X7 W E& P0 h9 {I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I g
4 c9 H1 B7 N% t3 z! u' N' O7 Aot great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. 8 X6 h7 ]! D( Q) J9 x3 L" Y4 @
" @% f( _ \+ J/ Q我在哈佛学到了很多经济学和政治学的新思想。我也了解了很多科学上的新进展。
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# h& n% W. h# e% |1 A% \7 {& b0 CBut humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how thos # L3 l' n7 n' m8 `. G
e discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, stron ! [) _) y% ?) v5 n5 f
g public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – redu
; n: m- ]7 a6 F+ h6 I1 c! U9 P1 kcing inequity is the highest human achievement.
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3 e/ t* z7 b" W+ K: M3 R1 m但是,人类最大的进步并不来自于这些发现,而是来自于那些有助于减少人类不平等的发 * |" O4 M2 f5 l
现。不管通过何种手段——民主制度、健全的公共教育体系、高质量的医疗保健、还是广
7 \1 {9 }& } v, |; Y- {- z+ z泛的经济机会——减少不平等始终是人类最大的成就。
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9 d: z, N0 l* `9 s; u' v* i3 f$ \I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of
3 v! E2 o& I" u% K q. o @3 ^educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the ) u9 ], d4 U2 f4 `) Q9 Y
millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing cou
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3 k1 L7 k1 ?1 Y- R3 @0 f3 x我离开校园的时候,根本不知道在这个国家里,有几百万的年轻人无法获得接受教育的机 0 x1 C6 q) q Y1 @, X
会。我也不知道,发展中国家里有无数的人们生活在无法形容的贫穷和疾病之中。
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( A. I4 S4 W' n) V& X; @It took me decades to find out. 7 D1 }3 N2 ?( [" S
7 v, W+ d0 ]3 K9 l( v: X4 m% b我花了几十年才明白了这些事情。 9 w* r) i* _# O* x! S
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You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the wor {# ]. _ a. N- e
ld's inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope " m8 A& x: k; I) i0 q
you've had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technolo
/ k( k6 `; `# m b" h) I! [0 Wgy – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them.
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- P$ |( m6 L b2 |% p7 ]* ]9 ]' u在座的各位同学,你们是在与我不同的时代来到哈佛的。你们比以前的学生,更多地了解
& |# I/ \$ c9 x' u( n* ~9 m. u世界是怎样的不平等。在你们的哈佛求学过程中,我希望你们已经思考过一个问题,那就
7 w+ P4 ?7 j$ e- D& G是在这个新技术加速发展的时代,我们怎样最终应对这种不平等,以及我们怎样来解决这 ! s1 T: b% B3 o) p' a% p
个问题。 6 N3 F: h3 f9 a3 l
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Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and 5 p8 u* j* j j) v, e6 n
a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that tim ) k4 y- H& `* D! J
e and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving li
0 o3 d1 g6 M/ B/ x4 U. u$ R& s7 Fves. Where would you spend it? " z& u! |1 U9 @ c( {/ g* g; y. o2 k3 L
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为了讨论的方便,请想象一下,假如你每个星期可以捐献一些时间、每个月可以捐献一些
' B* r) N+ P) b# C& R1 }, \) a钱——你希望这些时间和金钱,可以用到对拯救生命和改善人类生活有最大作用的地方。
& X) u; |. N1 R& L6 W- @你会选择什么地方? 0 j' ]0 u/ |5 y6 V$ k# A, [
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For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good 3 }! ~% r) ^! x- a b+ F |
for the greatest number with the resources we have. + E! N8 j( g3 J' \- c0 N' s
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对Melinda(注:盖茨的妻子)和我来说,这也是我们面临的问题:我们如何能将我们拥有
n7 o0 B& x A6 r# u" k的资源发挥出最大的作用。 . v- W( V8 e4 }8 v3 |
& O7 [, L; `8 c( w; y, tDuring our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about t % v( m, c! t6 p( I2 R
he millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from disea 1 M' F n* w) ^8 X. N. L4 m2 @$ U3 q, {
ses that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneu
! m# B: r* u" X( `monia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotav
* M0 j* o8 j! U2 U& s7 ^irus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United
6 h, Q: Q; m6 `$ F" BStates. 3 g8 J: W: o: J+ _9 M; N- v+ V8 H
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在讨论过程中,Melinda和我读到了一篇文章,里面说在那些贫穷的国家,每年有数百万的
+ k2 l2 B& D8 y; i" Y- j儿童死于那些在美国早已不成问题的疾病。麻疹、疟疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黄热病、还有
( v( `3 o5 j$ S! k一种以前我从未听说过的轮状病毒,这些疾病每年导致50万儿童死亡,但是在美国一例死 6 ~- I5 d) ~- x' I! I( I) ]
亡病例也没有。
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We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying a
: P( p6 ]8 c: p# y7 @8 jnd they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and del
1 F/ W. r' r9 U/ g& m# \iver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there wer
" x/ y9 c/ _2 s* we interventions that could save lives that just weren't being delivered.
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* d+ M: N1 a4 z! }$ m我们被震惊了。我们想,如果几百万儿童正在死亡线上挣扎,而且他们是可以被挽救的, / s# [) H( J8 s' l5 z
那么世界理应将用药物拯救他们作为头等大事。但是事实并非如此。那些价格还不到一美 # \% w( l; s! Y3 X8 E6 q, ?
元的救命的药剂,并没有送到他们的手中。 ! m) R i) C! L" N% N. @
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If you believe that every life has equal value, it's revolting to learn that s 0 }* {0 V4 v$ f2 e8 p
ome lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: " ) _: A1 {, P& } Y ~0 X2 r6 c
This can't be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our g # ~, o3 `# _; u. r
iving." # k$ w f* N$ U, F |- M) W
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如果你相信每个生命都是平等的,那么当你发现某些生命被挽救了,而另一些生命被放弃 8 J* K# E" O0 p( Z& o9 D
了,你会感到无法接受。我们对自己说:“事情不可能如此。如果这是真的,那么它理应
9 ]5 K! J* s* u4 Z是我们努力的头等大事。”
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# r1 i: ]5 B: f" E3 |* g- pSo we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: "Ho 5 q3 Y9 P( k) U6 N( `. O2 G
w could the world let these children die?" / P. b% O M3 a1 W3 h, g
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所以,我们用任何人都会想到的方式开始工作。我们问:“这个世界怎么可以眼睁睁看着 - Z' j5 {# j/ j) e
这些孩子死去?” 4 Q/ _, ^1 V" `3 u9 R' E8 e/ G. P
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The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of . p% H- B1 D: }' W7 F7 r$ h3 ^
these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died be
; l2 }* @7 s' [) Y( Bcause their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice
' H$ f: e5 `# q. O6 o- v vin the system.
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答案很简单,也很令人难堪。在市场经济中,拯救儿童是一项没有利润的工作,政府也不
, q* D8 ]3 @3 `" n/ m会提供补助。这些儿童之所以会死亡,是因为他们的父母在经济上没有实力,在政治上没 . j R; ?0 A* U7 j! a! h3 Y8 W
有能力发出声音。
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But you and I have both. 3 c3 g) W* ?- f
' h: P! g2 v& Z9 n3 ~0 G" Q0 ~- T2 b但是,你们和我在经济上有实力,在政治上能够发出声音。 8 U$ q% A. n. k+ ^8 z! C9 { A
) `; }; U. v; d5 KWe can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more cr ; r1 `7 R- @/ M2 Q, K
eative capitalism – if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more + X& e/ z$ S; }# u0 I5 o# n
people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are s % e3 H8 g% ^7 J/ T; ~
uffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the w
- l% Y9 A/ J& z" s, c6 _+ \4 \orld to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the peo
0 y9 b! B ]5 P/ _. l6 G$ Bple who pay the taxes.
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我们可以让市场更好地为穷人服务,如果我们能够设计出一种更有创新性的资本主义制度 ' v: S* q. q" C
——如果我们可以改变市场,让更多的人可以获得利润,或者至少可以维持生活——那么
" Z% J9 \) o- j& ?,这就可以帮到那些正在极端不平等的状况中受苦的人们。我们还可以向全世界的政府施 , ~7 v/ I" A5 k/ f) I9 d
压,要求他们将纳税人的钱,花到更符合纳税人价值观的地方。 ( m5 I' l( W( W
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If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generat , W& w8 H( z! [& \% t! k
e profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustain * P7 c- _; n R1 z- k
able way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can neve
: s1 `0 a* H+ [2 Jr be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the 1 P$ D6 y' s+ N# i7 c9 j! M- k9 G
world. 3 r5 J$ k" f4 V5 m. m
, W2 }: s- E0 ]! _如果我们能够找到这样一种方法,既可以帮到穷人,又可以为商人带来利润,为政治家带 ! g0 Q0 `) ^" }
来选票,那么我们就找到了一种减少世界性不平等的可持续的发展道路。这个任务是无限 ; {+ h' u- S* W, N
的。它不可能被完全完成,但是任何自觉地解决这个问题的尝试,都将会改变这个世界。
' J# ^* ^: w8 i3 M5 z$ I$ a1 V: [3 c& \7 V! m7 j7 |% w2 @
7 S: G' _2 Z3 U) Q: o) t" dI am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is
6 D$ i& l& k6 D; [3 a' {. Mno hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will b / E+ s1 q5 p% e: K) I S6 k
e with us till the end – because people just … don't … care." I completely 8 e' a; u0 p! q2 [
disagree.
7 u! N: t& T- |+ E6 Y3 M2 h0 g* ~
在这个问题上,我是乐观的。但是,我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说:“ 1 y" w7 Z/ b7 I6 ~8 [
不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在,到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这 ; C1 u& k3 X2 j! r: ]6 h7 D
个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。 + L$ d2 U5 g. d
! g- f4 @8 I W. V( EI believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.
2 L/ t2 |4 A, z2 ^" q+ u; P' q _8 r0 M6 _; d8 J; W9 G/ _, A: V
我相信,问题不是我们不在乎,而是我们不知道怎么做。 9 Z w, r) [& L% ~3 U$ @% R
$ X/ H$ Q9 ^8 k J jAll of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies
' s" f3 G3 o6 s: Mthat broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn't care,
- |. E) h; O( |but because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would h ; k, w4 V6 d% \& {) M
ave acted. ( V! o( I/ V0 {! p' ~$ g' d
3 j8 W/ l# w0 k: S; G9 W# S0 W此刻在这个院子里的所有人,生命中总有这样或那样的时刻,目睹人类的悲剧,感到万分 & u; V0 O8 q- U$ D/ }
伤心。但是我们什么也没做,并非我们无动于衷,而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。
" ^' f7 A6 X( F- \+ J: d u+ k& ~如果我们知道如何做是有效的,那么我们就会采取行动。 ( Z( k9 J% x( n4 u. W2 d0 O
4 X! a" \# v9 S: ~
The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.
( b# B9 L' G! h5 @" V% U9 L5 `" E3 m
改变世界的阻碍,并非人类的冷漠,而是世界实在太复杂。 8 r" \2 m' E R* P$ Y
7 z9 q. Z0 b" ]' p2 {1 JTo turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see
- ]* q# N4 Q3 a) ]4 x; a% h$ pthe impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.
- U* X% K6 h- l3 j) P- P* c. |* b5 t" E. M$ U0 K: u
为了将关心转变为行动,我们需要找到问题,发现解决办法的方法,评估后果。但是世界
% x/ g1 ]" @+ x的复杂性使得所有这些步骤都难于做到。 ( V! a" u. Z& w
0 o9 q/ Y2 ?5 O) i: y! v7 e( AEven with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex e
2 j. ^1 [1 z% Y. r0 m( h" C: N, Rnterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, o 7 r# N. r1 r1 T: y q
fficials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, det # U$ V4 b. B& y3 I
ermine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. 5 }2 s9 E7 t N; \) v) a
( I5 n9 g+ u& [* [+ P3 ~
即使有了互联网和24小时直播的新闻台,让人们真正发现问题所在,仍然十分困难。当一
( C- y' D& j; B& ^架飞机坠毁了,官员们会立刻召开新闻发布会,他们承诺进行调查、找到原因、防止将来 : X: _( r7 U7 A0 c# u/ N
再次发生类似事故。
; r+ o' g8 I; d+ d5 s7 O- a. Z' \/ m! M
But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: "Of all the people
: a5 s- ]* m. h: j# P7 y1 F$ pin the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent o
7 i4 g! g' |% p, jf them were on this plane. We're determined to do everything possible to solve
* v. q' n5 Q# z* A( `* D- u: {the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent."
* n0 H4 p X2 `( B
- x7 W9 n& T( q. l5 ^但是如果那些官员敢说真话,他们就会说:“在今天这一天,全世界所有可以避免的死亡 ; I$ V7 k6 S/ X# ?
之中,只有0.5%的死者来自于这次空难。我们决心尽一切努力,调查这个0.5%的死亡原因 " p6 z+ a. s% m+ f* Z8 e
。”
' Y' }% _& Q: A& j5 A, v4 c, s' ^ f8 R/ p7 z
The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable dea ) E* z5 H4 ?6 h2 ]
ths. + O7 p, j) e' _6 ]
) [! M1 D: _8 \" ?. i
显然,更重要的问题不是这次空难,而是其他几百万可以预防的死亡事件。
1 H/ p- {: K, C: B% a3 R6 J; v
3 p. D+ U- r# t. m$ VWe don't read much about these deaths. The media covers what's new – and mill
: {1 L8 M `" j) ?ions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it's
- h7 k7 b8 F& _2 Ieasier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it's difficult
4 l, l* S Q Vto keep our eyes on the problem. It's hard to look at suffering if the situat
R- o4 U. W; Wion is so complex that we don't know how to help. And so we look away. $ ^$ w O k+ W1 A) |
' v! O/ }3 L* M) x4 I/ @% n
我们并没有很多机会了解那些死亡事件。媒体总是报告新闻,几百万人将要死去并非新闻
# w/ M! ?9 p( R. O- b。如果没有人报道,那么这些事件就很容易被忽视。另一方面,即使我们确实目睹了事件 - ^/ o" s/ q# h4 y
本身或者看到了相关报道,我们也很难持续关注这些事件。看着他人受苦是令人痛苦的,
7 K; M3 G2 `) k+ H. }( \+ S1 {何况问题又如此复杂,我们根本不知道如何去帮助他人。所以我们会将脸转过去。 , ^9 q! E2 C# Z: z8 L
2 G) w; N6 J, `; k$ ^" F& ?If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second - v' t: T" C9 o9 f* [" R
step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. * O+ o, o$ E; G" X1 G5 _; X! f
( W- \& A/ |9 f' Z
就算我们真正发现了问题所在,也不过是迈出了第一步,接着还有第二步:那就是从复杂 8 u, c- q7 p6 q% V( z2 B/ U
的事件中找到解决办法。 # P8 |" \, ?' z u2 i' x9 v. v
) i2 q$ I' v6 @- h
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If w
0 {5 s/ B* y$ {3 \2 Z' Ve have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "Ho
- Q2 ^0 i* a5 r7 ew can I help?," then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of th
5 J, c W5 R# _2 {% H6 g7 r1 ~7 ye caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path o
5 a% K: p) Z7 yf action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to . N, d; E; G8 ?
matter.
\2 s: H( ?6 d( x4 j
; ]" ], N8 S4 `7 U3 \如果我们要让关心落到实处,我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的
3 F9 D- Z6 P' W5 v( n) [: Z答案,那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候,我们就能采取行动 , h7 x5 s0 k. H: _6 ]+ e( S
。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是,世界的复杂性使得很难
% @& S/ n; h+ `5 g! D& H4 U找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法,因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生
9 k, J* g6 j2 H+ P/ i$ s实际效果。 5 T1 H! J( N$ n
2 ~- P1 X$ i& {Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable st / K, w! H/ X4 y9 y3 s
ages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal " T' F/ x+ {3 o( q# M6 c
technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest applicat 6 d4 R1 L# P5 `7 e* i, e
ion of the technology that you already have — whether it's something sophisti . U) J# R0 [- l# K5 {# @6 S
cated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. ; S1 Y' [: I" t1 U4 x, H: x
1 A9 W* r) N5 |5 H* s. Z从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法,可以分为四个步骤:确定目标,找到最高效的方法, ' j) ?9 a U$ w( Q0 ~/ ^: W
发现适用于这个方法的新技术,同时最聪明地利用现有的技术,不管它是复杂的药物,还
) c7 @3 |' l! P! k% p# X是最简单的蚊帐。 & j+ b4 J9 f$ E9 D7 b& v
/ h) R8 g( u+ [- N8 X9 Q, kThe AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the / a" y/ n: h6 I
disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology wou * H; l+ m& k, f/ J, D
ld be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So government , D- b5 ?# G9 X# w6 t6 ^4 l
s, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is li + ^0 D% ~2 F/ l8 ?0 @% l0 O- `
kely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what
/ |$ l6 [3 C& Qwe have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting pe 5 j% b/ K$ z" U* B2 C
ople to avoid risky behavior. ! X3 E' s* H( b! m
0 {" u8 e) z- u
艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标,毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理 ) U# J, y" d: {6 {& O
想的技术是发明一种疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以终生免疫。所以,政府、制药公司、基
, k5 ], A4 o" Y, X) p# `9 ^& g金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是,这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此,与此同 1 g& ?* v( l6 s! X' F, K3 R9 h; U- l
时,我们必须使用现有的技术,目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行 1 g: r' _# A+ f. L; q4 y, {
为。 / t# V' B6 h$ j2 y2 d1 H8 s" h2 [
8 J5 H t+ |% JPursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The
0 K* L4 z! G; M' V8 Wcrucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we di
) E" x5 e2 ~7 A, g& G5 X4 A$ B1 Hd with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender t & `; Z0 L5 r0 ?2 E; Q" p
o complexity and quit.
- K+ }; Y; u/ y' v5 w# N
: [1 S; V, w" w+ T6 G要实现这个新的目标,又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要 9 J; U5 I5 a/ G* ~) y' p9 u- N! g
停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误,那时我们因 # I+ x1 n$ U! U7 R
为它们太复杂,而放弃了采取行动。
7 ?" A. e) [* z1 _& r e2 i2 }6 [# [1 U/ Z6 r/ Q5 A1 V
The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to me
" V- { O5 R" Y' a) [1 Qasure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that ot
" Q$ q- B; t6 L! q* |, ghers learn from your efforts. 9 \5 K( {0 ?* @3 w, P
9 a5 m' f9 {8 r {在发现问题和找到解决方法之后,就是最后一步——评估工作结果,将你的成功经验或者
8 N1 l7 z. N) e* Y7 m失败经验传播出去,这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。
& [( {8 N: V/ f0 {3 I5 D' j
! u0 r3 n4 D/ XYou have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a
5 h; `3 G7 D& b7 n w9 H$ Yprogram is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a 5 X8 c' u; t! V+ U+ E8 @& Q/ A' e- P
decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential
; e& Q' D7 R% _7 r2 o7 Onot just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from b
! v) {& W1 E1 \% C; r6 w! a' _usiness and government. % B5 A2 p. x% C
& o; ? T" |) ?4 @) N, f当然,你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道,你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗
* g+ T# W' N# _" k* Y。你也必须让他人知道,儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的,不仅有利于改善
/ s, p8 X, ~) d; [# q5 o4 k项目效果,也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。 * g- `1 y* |7 z: p7 f
% l) S, Y% D$ y8 A
But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than n
1 ^3 T' G" o- O, A2 D2 G4 Zumbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work – so people can feel
+ _! c/ G6 i+ D: E* p4 n; twhat saving a life means to the families affected. . t8 Z. P; u. N! h
: A" |9 ^+ r% A( ^- r# _但是,这些还不够,如果你想激励其他人参加你的项目,你就必须拿出更多的统计数字;
- f4 u7 D d h) F你必须展示你的项目的人性因素,这样其他人就会感到拯救一个生命,对那些处在困境中 % V$ S/ F; Y7 }. `# u7 s
的家庭到底意味着什么。
& B3 Q7 I% X- n
" \' `; }8 K9 w! U: r0 |2 eI remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel 3 Z* b% ? J5 u' R3 O
that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the th
6 \& i. r" ]% ?. I, g, Urill of saving just one person's life – then multiply that by millions. … Ye * W/ R5 }! x. x; p i7 Y: h
t this was the most boring panel I've ever been on – ever. So boring even I c
- T: ? j. `* n# Douldn't bear it.
+ U. C+ V5 O9 e+ ?' T1 z
# N- B6 z: T0 A- G9 s$ L9 U* N" b; u几年前,我去瑞士达沃斯旁听一个全球健康问题论坛,会议的内容有关于如何拯救几百万 , n j8 k9 ]5 _! p) i( \ C) X- B% b
条生命。天哪,是几百万!想一想吧,拯救一个人的生命已经让人何等激动,现在你要把
* w6 ~, B7 K; j这种激动再乘上几百万倍……但是,不幸的是,这是我参加过的最最乏味的论坛,乏味到 : ~( q9 J' K+ G" I
我无法强迫自己听下去。
- y* i9 B/ A x9 }) i R; t3 |+ [% h& d- F+ M4 y
What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an / C0 z, S4 ~: R4 x- d1 {
event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we 4 k# q+ n4 R! z$ W! _6 u$ ?
had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited
: ]7 {5 l. U) _- Iabout software – but why can't we generate even more excitement for saving l 2 n1 V! V* t; r; }. y5 B
ives?
1 R$ g4 {5 ^, D4 H2 V- h9 z4 f q/ x. n; H- x) A* m8 j. _
那次经历之所以让我难忘,是因为之前我们刚刚发布了一个软件的第13个版本,我们让观
: [8 q3 T/ t. c3 [众激动得跳了起来,喊出了声。我喜欢人们因为软件而感到激动,那么我们为什么不能够
. B: b% ^7 z" A; G让人们因为能够拯救生命而感到更加激动呢? 2 T6 y7 Y- Y$ `3 F1 F9 G1 k
- ^8 z! `! k# c! g4 g7 iYou can't get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. 6 M3 y1 i- h5 `& g
And how you do that – is a complex question.
( k" s, ?$ y& g& N- G
+ ~) E# b$ m' W+ c S/ X, F/ E& U除非你能够让人们看到或者感受到行动的影响力,否则你无法让人们激动。如何做到这一 + @6 Y% c/ @1 n# f5 m7 D% [' U
点,并不是一件简单的事。 8 @, Y( p( E8 ~" ~8 E
6 d$ B+ d T, i9 C. N: Q7 jStill, I'm optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new too
0 y9 f3 d5 b1 t" S: ]& @1 Kls we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are n
5 K9 r" V! s$ _- e% x, [" Lew – they can help us make the most of our caring – and that's why the futur . Y P7 X* z6 H. q3 E; d& a4 u
e can be different from the past.
3 T8 ^: m: P* `6 O. {' T G
b9 C9 o8 s- l8 k; w同前面一样,在这个问题上,我依然是乐观的。不错,人类的不平等有史以来一直存在,
' g6 \& A4 R% ^5 o2 B但是那些能够化繁为简的新工具,却是最近才出现的。这些新工具可以帮助我们,将人类 0 ]6 W% |! R8 z! \, P
的同情心发挥最大的作用,这就是为什么将来同过去是不一样的。 1 R4 \$ y( n6 ]" j4 O$ V) \
6 K! U2 |) a8 B% |( E" N7 j" T' |4 |The defining and ongoing innovations of this age – biotechnology, the compute 8 v/ N4 _3 r, S. \) c
r, the Internet – give us a chance we've never had before to end extreme pove
9 V/ y4 C3 |9 U u4 j6 [% Jrty and end death from preventable disease.
2 s! n, b" c v; T9 q* z O& c4 P3 |
这个时代无时无刻不在涌现出新的革新——生物技术,计算机,互联网——它们给了我们 6 ?1 @! c8 w' c: k( [6 @! s; d( _
一个从未有过的机会,去终结那些极端的贫穷和非恶性疾病的死亡。 8 j# M3 E0 c' l! e* `/ Y n# ]
3 g( j2 w# k% d& ISixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a pla 7 m0 b( z1 l5 E
n to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: "I think one difficulty i " E. s j8 l3 ^8 |6 c6 I4 K- j7 M8 j
s that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of fa
# m) a- m3 p$ gcts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult f
1 s+ _3 C% [% s2 f+ W- Gor the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is
$ r5 h- K, m% Gvirtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance o * m" a1 [& V. z O& x! N9 n
f the situation."
' w/ |% k2 m7 N6 [0 F
2 ]; b, H+ H B" z. s/ i9 y六十年前,乔治·马歇尔也是在这个地方的毕业典礼上,宣布了一个计划,帮助那些欧洲 7 c: S. E4 D" e6 L" A! [
国家的战后建设。他说:“我认为,困难的一点是这个问题太复杂,报纸和电台向公众源
4 |5 M3 v4 ~8 \+ B, w1 X: p# s, |源不断地提供各种事实,使得大街上的普通人极端难于清晰地判断形势。事实上,经过层 7 `. N: i- W9 @* U' W3 i7 w
层传播,想要真正地把握形势,是根本不可能的。” : ~9 _; `1 C7 ?$ }4 @. e
& K( K0 X! y: g- T, r% ] DThirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me ; C9 A; L3 [- L8 Y4 O: a- j
, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more v
, z1 t) }1 l$ E( ^; H0 s; ?6 Disible, less distant. % n: P* z) s& u m5 ?( Z6 N
( W6 S" P" j( \' E+ B
马歇尔发表这个演讲之后的三十年,我那一届学生毕业,当然我不在其中。那时,新技术
& V W2 u% d( ?; {, q刚刚开始萌芽,它们将使得这个世界变得更小、更开放、更容易看到、距离更近。 ; @% H9 n0 w+ c* p
5 g4 V+ \1 r. b3 t) k' E( `
The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network t 3 X0 x) d7 z7 d- @6 T6 `3 N' E" q
hat has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. / F3 S9 @4 @* Q; E2 H% `' D; H
( G: Y1 g- y( [( h5 f低成本的个人电脑的出现,使得一个强大的互联网有机会诞生,它为学习和交流提供了巨
. W9 v: y% x3 P7 G大的机会。
- ^; h! U: c8 R: c$ }# x4 o9 |1 n$ g
The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance an # N4 B3 N* V8 R& z9 k& H
d makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of b 8 d! m, Q6 `: I: J3 ~9 K% z
rilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem – and that sc
9 `+ e% Q2 ]+ N- M @ales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. ; g: s5 Q) I& y0 Y
: u' S' I0 a& A6 y2 W7 O8 E' N2 A网络的神奇之处,不仅仅是它缩短了物理距离,使得天涯若比邻。它还极大地增加了怀有 $ }) l7 n9 F8 A6 x. s
共同想法的人们聚集在一起的机会,我们可以为了解决同一个问题,一起共同工作。这就 , x/ U5 m; z- P$ Z. z9 \
大大加快了革新的进程,发展速度简直快得让人震惊。 8 s# K; m/ l# o0 B4 @1 I& G2 \
8 B+ o$ H& F! e9 w: S0 ^* d EAt the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technol ) Q3 ~- H% N$ h( S: ]- U: l* x
ogy, five people don't. That means many creative minds are left out of this di 6 e% X0 o% g, \& G" ~2 }9 j6 C+ e F
scussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience w
' h2 I) b- j9 j& H0 ]ho don't have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas t * X C4 \: Q" W1 {
o the world.
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6 k( s! n0 O( a! F( Q4 q与此同时,世界上有条件上网的人,只是全部人口的六分之一。这意味着,还有许多具有
c S( n# L3 J( X创造性的人们,没有加入到我们的讨论中来。那些有着实际的操作经验和相关经历的聪明
, \' z/ X+ U6 e, W5 Z4 w6 B人,却没有技术来帮助他们,将他们的天赋或者想法与全世界分享。
& w; x! j9 g z6 z% t) k1 h+ x; d# _% P. H5 v$ ^
We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because
) ^& P: l2 q+ o$ R0 b& p- D' Ethese advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one
- p9 z9 E. @1 v$ W' oanother. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but f
5 z" J4 }# o! X& f g7 K3 u% S5 sor universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to
0 T5 P( F: @* x8 R0 hsee problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to addre
- ]" I) K* p0 v! Vss the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. * Q6 W3 T: P- s3 U8 f% A
# C& U. p' w# W0 n
& }' B$ w+ q) w# L我们需要尽可能地让更多的人有机会使用新技术,因为这些新技术正在引发一场革命,人 ( I: h8 [- q- q7 B b
类将因此可以互相帮助。新技术正在创造一种可能,不仅是政府,还包括大学、公司、小
7 G: t5 l3 I5 o) d$ _2 X! }- R! a机构、甚至个人,能够发现问题所在、能够找到解决办法、能够评估他们努力的效果,去 ) s0 ]; q2 s% y; J, i6 J, a9 q% n: g& X
改变那些马歇尔六十年前就说到过的问题——饥饿、贫穷和绝望。 6 i$ |/ T, t/ ?, S$ `: z" Y* a9 o% g
8 j% F7 r1 h `; F% u0 t9 k
Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collection ! F$ L- T6 O+ e
s of intellectual talent in the world. # K3 k& W3 v) ]. N3 ?. t7 ?. A
" U! E3 Z$ Y2 W$ b4 a2 O2 L哈佛是一个大家庭。这个院子里在场的人们,是全世界最有智力的人类群体之一。 0 i: U( e; z! {* T9 ?. z
+ X0 K* ?/ L* s1 r6 CWhat for? 8 e, X! d" Z" y f2 Z# G9 b
0 ^: M! V8 z1 U: g# M" g+ i我们可以做些什么? 4 w; @! y% B* o7 \- d( z8 O# R! X
7 e* F0 N% x0 ]" I4 u7 W! O% ~% DThere is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benef . z, S& \9 I' v; i4 V3 J
actors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here an
1 x" V/ J; O! ~7 w- Yd around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to # f) O c* d; d; F2 B, p! N
improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? # ]: k1 e: ^5 p- l2 u, m6 e
& E4 c7 c& ?# r: H1 O# r8 v
毫无疑问,哈佛的老师、校友、学生和资助者,已经用他们的能力改善了全世界各地人们 ; u S$ e' k. [3 v. b N# c
的生活。但是,我们还能够再做什么呢?有没有可能,哈佛的人们可以将他们的智慧,用
# T4 j" c4 T* S8 I: Q2 U- o$ F来帮助那些甚至从来没有听到过“哈佛”这个名字的人? , I" }3 Y3 b! z; m
/ _/ }7 O1 N/ i* K% D" r! vLet me make a request of the deans and the professors – the intellectual lead * n! N3 l/ @8 u {. v* Q9 A; l" r7 h
ers here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, & U- L6 r( h% w. _
and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves:
2 T) w5 j; E' q! [' k# Z4 J( J/ k, Y4 P# k
请允许我向各位院长和教授,提出一个请求——你们是哈佛的智力领袖,当你们雇用新的
) A4 x, j+ r6 T5 n老师、授予终身教职、评估课程、决定学位颁发标准的时候,请问你们自己如下的问题: / \+ w' q* R0 U) T4 y3 ^9 I2 v# r
% X+ d; a# S4 _) Y8 H6 C0 z3 |
3 T9 D' |% w* d* [3 e$ mShould our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems?
7 y2 J# u$ U7 [% o. c0 w& u n1 {( Z7 [* a# n* h, f
我们最优秀的人才是否在致力于解决我们最大的问题?
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( T2 ]4 S3 S3 d! Q( `# z( ZShould Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world's worst inequities? / d' W' c/ H/ C. J: k4 R7 @/ S
Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty … the prevale / P3 o& H( p, b! s6 ^( I |
nce of world hunger … the scarcity of clean water …the girls kept out of sch
7 r- C( Z- z) ?* e; A% l# x, l; dool … the children who die from diseases we can cure? ~ b& I* j) w+ f
: k% `% Q0 i6 H, n0 h哈佛是否鼓励她的老师去研究解决世界上最严重的不平等?哈佛的学生是否从全球那些极 5 @! K7 w$ k) y t9 q' U; E
端的贫穷中学到了什么……世界性的饥荒……清洁的水资源的缺乏……无法上学的女童… * Y. G! o$ x Y3 `2 ]! F
…死于非恶性疾病的儿童……哈佛的学生有没有从中学到东西?
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+ v0 |( [7 y) p$ FShould the world's most privileged people learn about the lives of the world's L+ w' k6 H: T. W1 `7 f: f( `; M
least privileged? , O4 Q \/ o$ M1 C1 |
% o+ e, P0 B7 ~那些世界上过着最优越生活的人们,有没有从那些最困难的人们身上学到东西? * g, V% ~4 [6 |9 `' ^# E
2 i" h- ~( j( @' o0 E/ ]
These are not rhetorical questions – you will answer with your policies. 4 B6 y9 P/ F x. w1 ?/ ]
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这些问题并非语言上的修辞。你必须用自己的行动来回答它们。
* c/ B- _" h& Z }" V8 ~
! ^6 H4 i- I4 d2 X$ }% o# xMy mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here – never stop 8 M$ [+ X3 z M% i
ped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hoste
& t0 q2 W6 z% ^& j8 z8 ed a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had
5 Y; b, N* U' ^. ]6 b# ywritten to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she s 9 e' y0 w" D2 G! V; Z
aw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter 1 a5 n) h: E; v, D+ v* G7 q
she said: "From those to whom much is given, much is expected." ( A: `, ?$ P. ~9 R
/ x+ C. I7 {1 b: r" y: y
我的母亲在我被哈佛大学录取的那一天,曾经感到非常骄傲。她从没有停止督促我,去为 / a1 O& h( I, G4 M0 @
他人做更多的事情。在我结婚的前几天,她主持了一个新娘进我家的仪式。在这个仪式上 ! l! j" ^# h2 q
,她高声朗读了一封关于婚姻的信,这是她写给Melinda的。那时,我的母亲已经因为癌症 ' A0 I0 G4 y" M; H% j9 c4 u* k' y
病入膏肓,但是她还是认为这是又一个传播她的信念的机会。在那封信的结尾,她写道: # I# x$ v6 {) W# k" y+ Y* {: M
“对于那些接受了许多帮助的人们,他们还在期待更多的帮助。你的能力越大,人们对你 1 o: O, v2 { T+ s1 F6 c
的期望也就越大。” ! {% \/ {; K; m6 ~
9 G3 `' ^8 z7 y, S
When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given – in tal
! d! ~3 O% i. n, G/ }$ Oent, privilege, and opportunity – there is almost no limit to what the world $ }+ U. ~% j& J# k; s/ e
has a right to expect from us.
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5 ?3 u' R; }9 }" \/ o/ t& q0 T想一想吧,我们在这个院子里的这些人,被给予过什么——天赋、特权、机遇——那么可 4 Z" o# W# e7 O8 Y, L/ I ~4 y- O! M/ @
以这样说,全世界的人们几乎有无限的权力,期待我们做出贡献。 4 O* ]. v# V! `8 a- S0 ^
+ z5 j" H4 b9 M2 r
In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates h
% g3 C9 k; ~" [ere to take on an issue – a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a sp
) {% h7 a6 H2 o0 @# Decialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenome + g% A6 L% s' T4 P8 q# l' u5 D
nal. But you don't have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every we # u. h( @; ` m, d
ek, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others " r+ e( k; u, t$ F, R% z
with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. : A! U6 a' s1 u) X
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同这个时代的期望一样,我也要向今天各位毕业的同学提出一个忠告:你们要选择一个问
9 M# l# ]$ e( K- F题,一个复杂的问题,一个有关于人类深刻的不平等的问题,然后你们要变成这个问题的 $ y/ y1 ^. m' _ ^" ~
专家。如果你们能够使得这个问题成为你们职业的核心,那么你们就会非常杰出。但是,
" _& U$ M. L$ J+ J1 z3 L你们不必一定要去做那些大事。每个星期只用几个小时,你就可以通过互联网得到信息, 3 S6 g5 _& z5 a
找到志同道合的朋友,发现困难所在,找到解决它们的途径。 % s6 \( M" \, l% n
+ O9 L# d; V% Y+ s8 e& cDon't let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It wi
- }+ _) Z' v. I2 T. W6 Ell be one of the great experiences of your lives. ! k+ @( u. i2 r- i8 H8 @
8 x, A" o; t9 z# P2 c( Q+ }" I
不要让这个世界的复杂性阻碍你前进。要成为一个行动主义者。将解决人类的不平等视为
+ o2 A/ ~- m' y) _% O1 f己任。它将成为你生命中最重要的经历之一。
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+ e9 L1 D7 ^9 O" e5 J# IYou graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you
% c" B5 _3 |( o2 |/ X+ A5 i% Bhave technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of glob ) n. B0 s% \& S* {& [2 O4 U4 V
al inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also h 4 B) e5 G& t7 G, ?, U" j# S$ @& y
ave an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people w ( q1 {1 `8 A* z+ S7 n
hose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had
. K! Q3 O8 A8 o% f: ]; you must start sooner, and carry on longer.
1 b/ }. r) W3 \5 l' a, w& i, m# {* j/ M( O$ X. u
在座的各位毕业的同学,你们所处的时代是一个神奇的时代。当你们离开哈佛的时候,你
/ t( u5 C7 I8 A' \. A们拥有的技术,是我们那一届学生所没有的。你们已经了解到了世界上的不平等,我们那 1 a7 N- ~* x( [% g3 w T
时还不知道这些。有了这样的了解之后,要是你再弃那些你可以帮助的人们于不顾,就将
: N, R# N. V$ h9 d, i" f. Q- F4 i& U受到良心的谴责,只需一点小小的努力,你就可以改变那些人们的生活。你们比我们拥有
7 ^) P; m. ^. c8 z) P更大的能力;你们必须尽早开始,尽可能长时期坚持下去。
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6 |# K8 r9 J$ A) ?& h' sKnowing what you know, how could you not? . f5 Y6 e2 m! F. q+ [
% z% m/ [9 G6 @8 i/ A5 g% D0 e
知道了你们所知道的一切,你们怎么可能不采取行动呢? 1 q3 U1 b: L* s# D Y+ T: }# L! a
+ X' P' ]: B# P5 Q9 A) YAnd I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on & ~" k* k' M; N W9 A+ T0 V) |
what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yo 2 M- E5 {, p' o- P" D
urselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well
3 X/ E5 I2 q; s5 P5 zyou have addressed the world's deepest inequities … on how well you treated p 4 O9 @' ^- } z, k
eople a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. ( o$ F: `3 w' y3 X
. F d1 a1 e1 Q
我希望,30年后你们还会再回到哈佛,想起你们用自己的天赋和能力所做出的一切。我希 ) j( ^ p- h3 k' y" ?0 _6 v# }
望,在那个时候,你们用来评价自己的标准,不仅仅是你们的专业成就,而包括你们为改
. S$ ` j+ F t7 N0 Y; s变这个世界深刻的不平等所做出的努力,以及你们如何善待那些远隔千山万水、与你们毫
( e+ Z+ h1 p# M" I' t不涉及的人们,你们与他们唯一的共同点就是同为人类。 |
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