毛泽东、蒋介石的书法
本帖最后由 香官愚叟 于 2014-7-11 17:23 编辑“书如其人”在毛泽东、蒋介石这两位绝代双雄身上得到了充分鲜明的体现。有意思的是美国前总统尼克松在《领袖们》一书中饶有兴致地对他们二人进行了一番比较，其中竟也提到了二人的书法：
毛泽东懒散地躺在椅上的样子，就像是不留心丢在那里的一口袋土豆;蒋介石笔直地坐着的姿态，则好象他的脊梁骨是钢制的一样。毛泽东很随和，无拘无束，说话很有幽默感,使谈话气氛很轻松；我与蒋介石会见时，却从未发现他有任何幽默的话语。毛泽东的书法是信笔成书、不拘俗套的，蒋介石的书法则笔直字方，一望成行。——http://b51.photo.store.qq.com/http_imgload.cgi?/rurl4_b=4f4a3c09cdbde94ef38dfef2a8d8f3b00dddb5e5447996e79036b3e69b2fc015199b776e47dff196ff74c5c1041f09cb069f97155faafa4899fd49e7301c6ac85483a691b98f1a8b961ef7d6ace60c9baaf76e3a&a=42&b=51
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毛泽东与蒋介石的个性泾渭分明，形成巨大反差，其书法也风格迥异，大异其趣，他们二人个性上的差异在他们的书风上得到了体现。书法艺术的本质是表现个性,故而透过一个人书法的结体、运笔、书写习惯，我们大致可以窥见其性情特征。一般来说，喜欢狂草的人，通常性情奔放、浪漫，而喜欢写正楷的则严谨刻板；顿挫分明的字体可以看出一个人为人刚健有力，而汪洋恣肆的书法则折射了一个人豪放不羁的情怀。
照理说，蒋介石的书法与毛泽东的书法本不在同一风格上，但实在地讲，蒋介石的书法造诣也是相当深厚的。毛泽东的书法不可学，而蒋介石的书法可学。毛泽东的书法不可学是因为毛泽东是天纵之才，其书法洋溢着无与伦比的才气、豪气、灵气、霸气、神气，令人叹为观止，敬之仰之，绝非常人可以驾驭（君看现在众多写毛体书法的，有一人写像否？）；蒋介石的书法可学是因为蒋介石是可造之才，书法循规蹈矩，不离法度，有路子可寻，有一股英气、锐气和向上之气。一句话,毛字无一笔不自己,蒋字无一笔不古人。欣赏毛泽东书法，我们既能感受到他龙蛇飞舞、大气磅礴、豪放酣畅的书法艺术之美，又能感受到他指点江山、激扬文字、睥睨天地、独领风骚的伟人风范。
就书法艺术而言，最能代表一个人艺术成就，并能最好表达艺术家个性的，莫如草书。毛泽东就选择了最能体现其浪漫豪放情怀的草书，即使其行书也带有草意。毛泽东的草书，下笔顿挫分明且颇有力度，行气十足，虽师法怀素、张旭和黄庭坚，却更加大气和酣畅，不论从结体章法上，还是运笔上都极其狂放和洒脱。另外，毛泽东书法既有棱角分明的狂放书风，也有的舒缓写意的抒情书风，前者如《七律·长征》，后者如《采桑子?重阳》，可以看出他能屈能伸的政治家本色。可以说，毛泽东的书法与其诗词一样，都成为他伟人风范的绝好写照。
关于毛泽东的性格，他自己有一句非常经典的概括——虎性与猴性的统一。孙猴子最具造反精神，老虎有山中之王的霸气，毛泽东身上同时兼具霸气和造反精神，这种性格在毛泽东的书法中也得到了很好的彰显。造反精神使毛泽东在书法创作中勇于创新，敢于“破格”,时出新意。毛泽东的书法不物成规，有着极其鲜明的创新意识和鲜明的个性特征,他师古人而不拘成法，出新意于法度之中，寄妙理于豪放之外，推陈出新，独领风骚，从而形成了别具一格的“毛字”、“毛体”。霸气是毛泽东书法中的一股雄放之气，气势咄咄逼人，汪洋恣肆，纵横捭阖，节奏铿锵，一泻千里。如果站在“视觉冲击力”角度观赏，其“形式艺术”的动感魅力，可以横扫千军，无人匹敌。
蒋介石的书法，既如其人，又如其名，中中正正，形如一介方方正正的石头。蒋介石毕业于保定军校和日本陆军士官学校，后又担任黄埔军校校长。从他的成长轨迹来看，从小就受到了良好的传统正规教育，对阳明心学进行过潜心钻研，坚持写省察日记，规范自己的言行；从执政策略上来看，他更多的是走传统伦理救国的道路，因此不难揣测他的书法必以工整端严见长。蒋介石以楷书为主，很少写行书。他的楷书以柳公权、欧阳询为根基，晚年又多有赵孟頫的影子，顿挫分明，结体有度，骨力雄强，章法严谨，从中不难看出他的刚健向上的精神和不屈不挠的倔强性格。他的楷书用笔以方笔为主，横斜竖直，撇低捺高，表现出瘦硬挺骨、险绝森严之风范。从艺术角度上看，蒋介石的字技法精到，法度严谨，在神韵上也说得过去，但比较内敛，与毛泽东融汇百家不同，而是拘于一家。
关于蒋介石的性格，有人概括为犬性和狮性的统一。犬性是爱憎分明、立场坚定的象征；狮性则是一股英雄气和王霸气。终蒋介石的一生，他更多的是以军人身份去履行军人天职，其个性不苟言笑、呆板、倔强、固执。笔直字正，一望成行，是蒋介石楷书的最大特色，也是他军人风范的体现。与毛泽东无拘无束、自信洒脱相反，蒋介石的书法严守法度，中规中矩，雄秀劲健,但略显拘谨，灵活性不够，更乏创新意识，基本上是一种理性书写。
看看毛泽东和蒋介石演讲时的情景：毛泽东热情洋溢，一手叉腰，一手在空中挥舞，胸前的红布条随风飘舞，充满了革命浪漫主义激情；蒋介石坚定勇毅，一手握皮带，一手纂拳，一身戎装笔挺，风纪扣紧扣，一派冷酷硬汉之风。再比较一下他们的袖口——这是非常重要的生活细节。可以说二人的风格差异一如其字.
毛蒋二人的个性也体现在他们的书写习惯上。从现存的几幅毛泽东书写时照片看， 毛泽东书写时头部都偏向左侧，目光斜视书作，这可能与他的字向右上倾斜取势有关，左手常压住纸笺，表情自然放松，气度雍容。蒋介石书写时正襟危坐，腰板笔直，头部居中，目光正视书作，左臂平放案上，表情严肃，一派军人气质和军人仪态。
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这两幅题字内容相近，而风格迥异。毛泽东书法如笔走龙蛇，豪放无羁,气贯长虹，一气呵成，有惊天地、泣鬼神之势；蒋介石书法中正劲健，力透纸背，望之俨然，一股雄秀向上之气充溢尺幅。毛泽东书法多取动势，布局谋篇，动中求静，险中求稳；蒋介石书法多取静势，布局谋篇，静中有动，稳中有险。二人的书法各有千秋，都不失为书法中的精品。相比较而言，毛泽东的书法更有特点，更有创造性，在气势上远远压倒蒋字；而蒋介石书法更注重对传统的继承，亦步亦趋，端正有余而灵气难觅。
毛泽东与蒋介石的个性差异在他们的手札上得到了充分体现。毛泽东的书信完全不拘于朱丝栏格，常常“破格”，突破天头地尾和两边栏格，信封上收信人的姓名也越出栏格之外，放胆书写，无拘无束，唯我是从，却自成妙趣；蒋介石的书信即使没有栏格也自然成行，中规中矩，一笔不苟，信封上收信人的姓名也严格在栏格之内。
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:handshake阅读分享 拜读了 可惜看不到图片 台湾路电鱼 发表于 2014-7-11 17:33 static/image/common/back.gif
拜读了 可惜看不到图片
香官愚叟 发表于 2014-7-11 17:36 static/image/common/back.gif
:handshake :victory::handshake :victory::handshake 学习了，看不到图片。 字如其人 一个放荡无忌 一个循规蹈矩
毛泽东书法如笔走龙蛇，豪放无羁,气贯长虹，一气呵成，有惊天地、泣鬼神之势；蒋介石书法中正劲健，力透纸背，望之俨然，一股雄秀向上之气充溢尺幅。毛泽东书法多取动势，布局谋篇，动中求静，险中求稳；蒋介石书法多取静势，布局谋篇，静中有动，稳中有险。二人的书法各有千秋，都不失为书法中的精品。
:victory::victory:
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