[下载]毛泽东《六言诗.给彭德怀同志》发表经过
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">毛泽东《六言诗·给彭德怀同志》发表经过</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> 写六言诗的背景</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1935</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">月，蒋介石发电报给盘踞在陕甘宁一带的国民党军队各部：“朱毛赤匪长途行军，疲惫不堪，企图进入陕北会合刘志丹”，各部要“前往堵截，相机包围，予以歼灭”。为确保长征红军与陕北红军胜利会师，毛泽东提出决不能把尾追长征红军的敌军带进陕北根据地。于是把砍掉“尾巴”的重任交给彭德怀。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> 接到命令后，彭德怀与周恩来、叶剑英共同拟定发给前线作战部队及毛泽东的作战电报，在作战电报中分析该地区地理环境特点时，写了“山高路远沟深”一句电文。根据彭德怀等人制定的作战方案，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1935</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">20</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">日夜，彭德怀亲自部署和指挥红军陕甘支队</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">(</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">原红一方面军缩编改称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">)</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">第一纵队和第二纵队。在吴起镇西北部的五里沟口一带设下埋伏。这一仗红军吃掉敌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">个骑兵团，击溃敌</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">个骑兵团，俘虏敌官兵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">700</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">余人，迫使敌军停止了对长征红军的追击。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> 在战斗打响的当天上午，毛泽东在作战科长伍修权陪同下来到前线，心情异常兴奋，即兴创作六言诗一首：</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">“山高路远坑深，大军纵横驰奔。谁敢横刀立马？唯我彭大将军</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red">!</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">《战友报》编者注不慎出错《六言诗·给彭德怀同志》写成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年之后的</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="1947" Month="8" Day="1" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1947</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">，冀鲁豫军区政治部主办的《战友报》根据一些老同志回忆</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">(</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">没向毛泽东索取原稿或经过毛泽东本人校阅后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">)</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">，以《毛主席的诗》为题第一次公开发表了这首诗。然而令人略感遗憾的是，《战友报》首次发表时不慎出现一个史实错误，编者注释误把该诗创作的军事历史背景注释为是在红军取得突破腊子口战斗之后写成的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1954</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年庆祝八一建军节之际，《解放军报》沿用《战友报》发表的原文及原注释，再次发表了这首诗。彭德怀对此进行了纠正，但当时知道的人并不多，也未能使有关方面彻底纠正上述错误。误导毛泽东记忆陷入误区</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="1957" Month="2" Day="6" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1957</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">，《东海》文艺月刊编辑部致函毛泽东，准备再次发表这首诗，并请毛泽东校阅诗稿。该编辑部在致毛泽东信中继续把该诗说成是在红军取得攻打腊子口战斗胜利后，毛泽东在发给彭德怀的作战电报中写出的诗句。而毛泽东此时仍清楚地记得，攻打腊子口的战斗是林彪指挥的，而不是彭德怀。不难想象，在这种情况下，错误注释极容易诱发毛泽东对这首诗的记忆陷入误区。可能由于工作繁忙，无暇深入回忆该诗写作的有关情况等原因，毛泽东给《东海》文艺月刊编辑部写了内容十分简单的回信：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">编辑部同志们：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> 记不起了，似乎不像。拉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">(</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">腊</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">)</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">子口是林彪同志指挥打的，我亦在前线，不会用这种方法打电报的。那几句不宜发表。《东海》收到，甚谢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> 毛泽东</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> <st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="1957" Month="2" Day="15" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False">一九五七年二月十五日</st1:chsdate>确认诗作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> 由于毛泽东在致《东海》文艺月刊编辑部的信中提出，该诗不宜发表，因此在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1958</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年文物出版社出版的《毛泽东诗词十九首》中，未把该诗收入其中发表。接下来由于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1959</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年彭德怀被错误罢官，绝大多数人不再对该诗的真实性作研究考证，这导致在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1963</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1976</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年两次公开出版的《毛泽东诗词》中，都没有将该诗收入毛泽东诗词之中发表。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman"> 十一届三中全会召开后，彭德怀的冤案得到平反。长征中一直与彭德怀并肩作战的杨尚昆在其晚年所写的回忆录中，再次肯定了毛泽东曾创作该诗的历史事实。经过多方面史实考证，毛泽东创作军旅诗《六言诗·给彭德怀同志》的基本情节已经确凿无误。据此由胡乔木主持，中央文献研究室编辑，人民文学出版社</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">1986</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">年出版的《毛泽东诗词选》，将该诗正式收入毛泽东诗词作品之中发表。【《新闻信息报》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">日】赵宝云</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue">;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman">赵栓民</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"><o:p><FONT size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P> 深切怀念老一辈无产阶级革命家。 <P>原文由 启明 发表: 深切怀念老一辈无产阶级革命家。 </P><P><FONT color=#ff0000 size=6>向彭德怀同志致敬！</FONT></P>
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